{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T02:15:21Z","timestamp":1780712121760,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,18]],"date-time":"2018-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017R1D1A3B03034867"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017R1D1A3B03034867"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002573","name":"Yonsei University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017-52-0071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-52-0071"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002573","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The interfacial electronic structures of a bilayer of fullerene (C60) and zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) grown on vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) thin films deposited using radio frequency sputtering under various conditions were studied using X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. The energy difference between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of the ZnPc layer and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of the C60 layer was determined and compared with that grown on an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate. The energy difference of a heterojunction on all V2O5 was found to be 1.3~1.4 eV, while that on ITO was 1.1 eV. This difference could be due to the higher binding energy of the HOMO of ZnPc on V2O5 than that on ITO regardless of work functions of the substrates. We also determined the complete energy level diagrams of C60\/ZnPc on V2O5 and ITO.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23020449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,20]],"date-time":"2018-02-20T03:54:22Z","timestamp":1519098862000},"page":"449","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Electronic Structure of C60\/Zinc Phthalocyanine\/V2O5 Interfaces Studied Using Photoemission Spectroscopy for Organic Photovoltaic Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Chang Jin","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Gyu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Su","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong Hwa","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soohaeng","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mann-Ho","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeonjin","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyunbok","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Kangwon National University, 1 Gangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gaongwon-do 24341, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7258-8059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang Wan","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, Y., Yaacobi-Gross, N., Perumal, A.K., Faber, H.A., Vourlias, G., Patsalas, P.A., Bradley, D.D.C., He, Z.Q., and Anthopoulos, T.D. 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