{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T18:09:06Z","timestamp":1785175746832,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]],"date-time":"2018-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute inflammation is a protective response of the host to physical injury and invading infection. Timely treatment of acute inflammatory reactions is essential to prevent damage to organisms that can eventually lead to chronic inflammation. Forsythoside A (FTA), an active constituent of Forsythia suspensa, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. Despite increasing knowledge of its anti-inflammatory effects, the mechanism and the effects on acute inflammation are poorly understood. This study is aimed at exploring the pro-resolving effects of FTA on zymosan-induced acute peritonitis. FTA significantly alleviated peritonitis as evidenced by the decreased number of neutrophils and levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in the peritoneal cavity, without interfering with interleukin-10 (IL-10). FTA showed marked regulation of inflammatory cytokines and chemokine levels in zymosan-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Moreover, FTA could suppress the activation of NF-\u03baB. In conclusion, FTA alleviated zymosan-induced acute peritonitis through inhibition of NF-\u03baB activation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23030593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]],"date-time":"2018-03-06T12:16:27Z","timestamp":1520338587000},"page":"593","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Forsythoside A Modulates Zymosan-Induced Peritonitis in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Xiao-Tian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headmaster\u2019s office, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin-Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experiment Center of Teaching &amp; Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-03-562710","article-title":"Resolution of acute inflammation bridges the gap between innate and adaptive immunity","volume":"124","author":"Newson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock(sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"245","article-title":"Severe infection in critical emergency care","volume":"74","author":"Matsuda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nihon Rinsho"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05877","article-title":"Resolvin E1 and protectin D1 activate inflammation-resolution programmes","volume":"447","author":"Schwab","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1276","article-title":"Resolution of inflammation: The beginning programs the end","volume":"6","author":"Serhan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-7227rev","article-title":"Resolution of inflammation: State of the art, definitions and terms","volume":"21","author":"Serhan","year":"2007","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.08.040","article-title":"Phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control and future research of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl: A review","volume":"210","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.05.011","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of Forsythia suspense in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis","volume":"206","author":"Hwang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.6b01141","article-title":"Chemical Constituents and Anti-inflammatory Principles from the Fruits of Forsythia suspensa","volume":"80","author":"Kuo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X17500823","article-title":"Differences in Chemical Component and Anticancer Activity of Green and Ripe Forsythiae Fructus","volume":"45","author":"Bao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.07.015","article-title":"Antiviral effect of forsythoside A from Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl fruit against influenza A virus through reduction of viral M1 protein","volume":"209","author":"Law","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.3260","article-title":"Forsythoside a inhibits the avian infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.60.2.0016","article-title":"Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of two compounds (forsythiaside and forsythin) isolated from Forsythia suspensa","volume":"60","author":"Qu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.18045","article-title":"Forsythoside A exerts antipyretic effect on yeast-induced pyrexia mice via inhibiting transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 function","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2017.02.004","article-title":"New insights into the effects and mechanism of a classic traditional Chinese medicinal formula on influenza prevention","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2012.12.016","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of forsythiaside on learning and memory deficits in senescence-accelerated mouse prone (SAMP8) mice","volume":"105","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2011.03.051","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of forsythiaside against transient cerebral global ischemia in gerbil","volume":"660","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, Q.J., Weng, X.G., Cai, D.J., Zhang, W., and Wang, J.F. (2016). Forsythoside A Inhibits BVDV Replication via TRAF2-Dependent CD28-4-1BB Signaling in Bovine PBMCs. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0162791"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2015.03.009","article-title":"Protective effect of forsythiaside A on lipopolysaccharide\/d-galactosamine-induced liver injury","volume":"26","author":"Pan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2017.07.033","article-title":"Protective effect of forsythiaside A on OVA-induced asthma in mice","volume":"812","author":"Qian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265798","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/265798","article-title":"Ouabain Modulates Zymosan-Induced Peritonitis in Mice","volume":"2015","author":"Leite","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1159\/000381915","article-title":"Processing Body Formation Limits Proinflammatory Cytokine Synthesis in Endotoxin-Tolerant Monocytes and Murine Septic Macrophages","volume":"7","author":"McClure","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Innate Immun."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"692","article-title":"Protective effect of a novel antibody against TLR2 on zymosan-induced acute peritonitis in NF-\u03baB transgenic mice","volume":"9","author":"Pan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2018.01.002","article-title":"Forsythoside A inhibited S. aureus stimulated inflammatory response in primary bovine mammary epithelial cells","volume":"116","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1080\/10286020.2014.884082","article-title":"Two new glycosides from the fruits of Forsythia suspense","volume":"16","author":"Yan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2017.2990","article-title":"Forsythoside A exerts an anti-endotoxin effect by blocking the LPS\/TLR4 signaling pathway and inhibiting Tregs in vitro","volume":"40","author":"Zeng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-014-1461-5","article-title":"Forsythiaside protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in PC12 cell","volume":"40","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2015.11.003","article-title":"Vitexin reduces neutrophil migration to inflammatory focus by down-regulating pro-inflammatory mediators via inhibition of p38, ERK1\/2 and JNK pathway","volume":"23","author":"Rosa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000502","article-title":"The protective role of curcumin in zymosan-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in mice","volume":"45","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2011.07.019","article-title":"Neutralization of interleukin-10 or transforming growth factor-\u03b2 decreases the percentages of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in septic mice, thereby leading to an improved survival","volume":"151","author":"Hiraki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.19.1.683","article-title":"Interleukin-10 and the interleukin-10 receptor","volume":"19","author":"Moore","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schotte, H., Schl\u00fcter, B., Schmidt, H., Gaubitz, M., Drynda, S., Kekow, J., and Willeke, P. (2015). Putative IL-10 Low Producer Genotypes Are Associated with a Favourable Etanercept Response in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130907"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watzlawick, R., Kenngott, E.E., Liu, F.D., Schwab, J.M., and Hamann, A. (2015). Anti-Inflammatory Effects of IL-27 in Zymosan-Induced Peritonitis: Inhibition of Neutrophil Recruitment Partially Explained by Impaired Mobilization from Bone Marrow and Reduced Chemokine Levels. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137651"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.3.1942","article-title":"IFN-\u03b3-mediated survival enables human neutrophils to produce MCP-1\/CCL2 in response to activation by TLR ligands","volume":"179","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27665","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27665","article-title":"Macrophage Migration Inhibitor Factor Upregulates MCP-1 Expression in an Autocrine Manner in Hepatocytes during Acute Mouse Liver Injury","volume":"6","author":"Xie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2002051","article-title":"Sorting the signals from the signals in the noisy environment of inflammation","volume":"4","author":"Muller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.02.001","article-title":"Roflumilast N-oxide reverses corticosteroid resistance in neutrophils from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"134","author":"Milara","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-015-1731-x","article-title":"Forsythiaside A exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia cells through activation of Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling pathway","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2013.1378","article-title":"Forsythiaside attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in the bursa of Fabricius of chickens by downregulating the NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"7","author":"Cheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2015.07.011","article-title":"Forsythiaside inhibits cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation by activation of Nrf2 and inhibition of NF-\u03baB","volume":"28","author":"Cheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/23\/3\/593\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T14:57:46Z","timestamp":1760194666000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/23\/3\/593"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules23030593"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules23030593","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]]}}}