{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T19:30:27Z","timestamp":1788550227557,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,7]],"date-time":"2018-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ceragenins were designed as non-peptide mimics of endogenous antimicrobial peptides, and they display broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activities, including the ability to eradicate established biofilms. These features of ceragenins make them attractive potential therapeutics for persistent infections in the lung, including those associated with cystic fibrosis. A characteristic of an optimal therapeutic for use in the lungs and trachea is the exertion of potent antimicrobial activities without damaging the cilia that play a critical role in these tissues. In previous work, potent antimicrobial activities of ceragenin CSA-131 have been reported; however, we found in ex vivo studies that this ceragenin, at concentrations necessary to eradicate established biofilms, also causes loss of cilia function. By formulating CSA-131 in poloxamer micelles, cilia damage was eliminated and antimicrobial activity was unaffected. The ability of CSA-131, formulated with a poloxamer, to reduce the populations of fungal pathogens in tracheal and lung tissue was also observed in ex vivo studies. These findings suggest that CSA-131, formulated in micelles, may act as a potential therapeutic for polymicrobial and biofilm-related infections in the lung and trachea.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23030596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,7]],"date-time":"2018-03-07T12:55:23Z","timestamp":1520427323000},"page":"596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Poloxamer Micelles Containing Ceragenin CSA-131 on Ciliated Tissues"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4402-4410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marjan","family":"Hashemi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, UT 84602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brett","family":"Holden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, UT 84602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maddison","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, UT 84602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, UT 84602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2038-0413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordan","family":"Coburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, UT 84602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Hilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, UT 84602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tania","family":"Nance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, UT 84602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shawn","family":"Gubler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, UT 84602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl","family":"Genberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N8 Medical, Dublin, OH 43017, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shenglou","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, UT 84602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4642-6109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Savage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, UT 84602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hashemi, M.M., Holden, B.S., Durnas, B., Bucki, R., and Savage, P.B. 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