{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:07:22Z","timestamp":1787771242007,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,8]],"date-time":"2018-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Naja ashei is an African spitting cobra species closely related to N. mossambica and N. nigricollis. It is known that the venom of N. ashei, like that of other African spitting cobras, mainly has cytotoxic effects, however data about its specific protein composition are not yet available. Thus, an attempt was made to determine the venom proteome of N. ashei with the use of 2-D electrophoresis and MALDI ToF\/ToF (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption\/Ionization Time of Flight) mass spectrometry techniques. Our investigation revealed that the main components of analysed venom are 3FTxs (Three-Finger Toxins) and PLA2s (Phospholipases A2). Additionally the presence of cysteine-rich venom proteins, 5\u2032-nucleotidase and metalloproteinases has also been confirmed. The most interesting fact derived from this study is that the venom of N. ashei includes proteins not described previously in other African spitting cobras\u2014cobra venom factor and venom nerve growth factor. To our knowledge, there are currently no other reports concerning this venom composition and we believe that our results will significantly increase interest in research of this species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23030609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,8]],"date-time":"2018-03-08T12:07:33Z","timestamp":1520510853000},"page":"609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["First Look at the Venom of Naja ashei"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2723-3691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konrad","family":"Hus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justyna","family":"Buczkowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladim\u00edr","family":"Petrilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komensk\u00e9ho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia"},{"name":"Zoological Department, Zoological Garden Ko\u0161ice, \u0160irok\u00e1 31, 040 06 Ko\u0161ice-Kave\u010dany, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Petrillov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Education Subjects, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komensk\u00e9ho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8625-4164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"\u0141yskowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaroslav","family":"Leg\u00e1th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komensk\u00e9ho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1907-9399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Bocian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Get an eyeful of this: A new species of giant spitting cobra from eastern and north-eastern Africa (Squamata: Serpentes: Elapidae: Naja)","volume":"1532","author":"Broadley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Necrosis, haemorrhage and complement depletion following bites by the spitting cobra (Naja nigricollis)","volume":"45","author":"Warrell","year":"1976","journal-title":"Q. 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