{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T19:35:45Z","timestamp":1790537745897,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,8]],"date-time":"2018-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A phenylethanoid, two steroids, a flavone glucoside and a chalcone have been isolated for the first time from the stems of Calicotome villosa together with a previously isolated flavone glucoside. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses (NMR, HRMS) as basalethano\u00efd B (1), \u03b2-sitosterol and stigmasterol (2), chrysine-7-O-\u03b2-d-glucopyranoside (3), chrysine 7-((6\u2032\u2032-O-acetyl)-O-\u03b2-d-glucopyranoside) (4) and calythropsin (5). The crude extracts and the isolated compounds (except 4), were evaluated for their antioxidant, antimicrobial (against two Gram-positive bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, four Gram-negative bacterial strains: Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumanii, and three yeasts: Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida glabrata), hemolytic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity. The crude extracts showed good ability to scavenge the free radical DPPH. Methanol stem extract followed by the dichloromethane stem extract showed moderate antimicrobial potency; furthermore, at 1 mg\/mL the methanol extract showed an inhibition of C. albicans growth comparable to nystatin. Dichloromethane, methanol, and aqueous extracts inhibited 98%, 90%, and 80% of HeLa cell proliferation at 2 mg\/mL respectively. Weak hypoglycemic and hemolytic effects were exhibited by the crude extracts. Among all the tested compounds, compound 3 showed remarkable hypoglycemic potential (93% at 0.1 mg\/mL) followed by compound 5 (90% at 0.3 mg\/mL). Compound 5 was the most effective in the DPPH. scavenging assay (100% at 0.1 mg\/mL) and cytotoxic assay on HeLa cells (99% and 90% after 24 and 48 h of treatment at 0.1 mg\/mL, respectively). No anti-inflammatory effects were displayed by any of the crude extracts or the isolated compounds at any of the tested concentrations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23040851","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]],"date-time":"2018-04-10T13:06:08Z","timestamp":1523365568000},"page":"851","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Isolation of Bioactive Compounds from Calicotome villosa Stems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7381-4302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josiane","family":"Alhage","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AZM Centre for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology for Biomolecules, Biotherapy and Bioprocess, Lebanese University, El Mitein Street, Tripoli, Lebanon"},{"name":"ENSCR, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)\u2013UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoda","family":"Elbitar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AZM Centre for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology for Biomolecules, Biotherapy and Bioprocess, Lebanese University, El Mitein Street, Tripoli, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samir","family":"Taha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AZM Centre for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology for Biomolecules, Biotherapy and Bioprocess, Lebanese University, El Mitein Street, Tripoli, Lebanon"},{"name":"Faculty of Public Health, Rafic Hariri Campus, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beyrouth, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Paul","family":"Guegan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENSCR, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)\u2013UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeina","family":"Dassouki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AZM Centre for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology for Biomolecules, Biotherapy and Bioprocess, Lebanese University, El Mitein Street, Tripoli, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Vives","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENSCR, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)\u2013UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1613-9990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thierry","family":"Benvegnu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENSCR, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)\u2013UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"123","article-title":"The distribution of three species of the genus Calicotome in Italy","volume":"18","author":"Lattanzi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Flora Mediterr."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-827X(01)01056-4","article-title":"Chemical composition and cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity of Calycotome villosa (Poiret) link leaves","volume":"56","author":"Loy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Il Farmaco"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.3390\/90700568","article-title":"Flavone glycosides from Calycotome villosa subsp","volume":"9","author":"Antri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Intermedia. 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