{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T10:58:22Z","timestamp":1788346702151,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]],"date-time":"2018-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["3325\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3325\/2013"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["309046\/2016-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["309046\/2016-5"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico do Maranh\u00e3o (FAPEMA)","award":["UNIVERSAL-00643\/14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UNIVERSAL-00643\/14"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by inflammation of one or more joints, and affects ~1% of the adult population worldwide. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a natural compound that has been suggested as an antioxidant. Here, SFN\u2019s effects were evaluated in a murine mono-arthritis model. Mono-arthritis was induced in mice by a single intra-articular injection of Complete Freund\u2019s Adjuvant (CFA-10 \u00b5g\/joint, in 10 \u00b5L) into the ipsilateral joint. The contralateral joint received an equal volume of PBS. On the 4th day post-joint inflammation induction, animals received either SFN (10 mg\/kg) or vehicle (3% DMSO in saline), intraperitoneally (i.p.), twice a day for 3 days. Joint swelling and secondary mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia were evaluated over 7 days post-CFA. After this period, animals were culled and their blood and synovial fluid samples were collected for analysis of cell populations, cytokine release and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activity. Knee joint samples were also collected for histology. SFN reduced joint swelling and damage whilst increasing the recruitment of Ly6C+ and Ly6G+ cells to CFA-injected joints. SFN-treated animals presented down-regulation of CD11b and CD62L on synovial fluid Ly6G+ cells. Synovial fluid samples obtained from CFA-injected joints and plasma samples of SFN-treated mice presented higher levels of IL-6 and increased activity of TrxR, in comparison with controls. These results indicate that SFN reduces knee joint damage by modulating cell activation\/migration to the joints, cytokine production and increasing the activity of TrxR, and therefore, may represent an alternative treatment to joint inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23050988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]],"date-time":"2018-04-24T04:44:48Z","timestamp":1524545088000},"page":"988","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Sulforaphane Modulates Joint Inflammation in a Murine Model of Complete Freund\u2019s Adjuvant-Induced Mono-Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Silva Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduation Program, Uniceuma University, s\u00e3o Luis 65075, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiane","family":"Santos Silva e Silva Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduation Program, Uniceuma University, s\u00e3o Luis 65075, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thayanne","family":"Fran\u00e7a Muniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduation Program, Uniceuma University, s\u00e3o Luis 65075, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alana","family":"Silva de Aquino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduation Program, Uniceuma University, s\u00e3o Luis 65075, MA, Brazil"},{"name":"Florence Institute, Imunology Departament S\u00e3o Luis 65075, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larissa","family":"Neuza da Silva Nina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduation Program, Uniceuma University, s\u00e3o Luis 65075, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagila","family":"Fialho Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduation Program, Uniceuma University, s\u00e3o Luis 65075, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4206-0904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Nascimento da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduation Program, Uniceuma University, s\u00e3o Luis 65075, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Breno","family":"De Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Departament, State University of Maranhao, Sao Luis 65075, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9896-7281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiane","family":"Da Penha-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Departament, State University of Maranhao, Sao Luis 65075, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Abreu-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Departament, State University of Maranhao, Sao Luis 65075, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8678-0244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joicy","family":"De S\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduation Program, Uniceuma University, s\u00e3o Luis 65075, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Soares Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduation Program, Uniceuma University, s\u00e3o Luis 65075, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2077-7979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos","family":"Grisotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduation Program, Uniceuma University, s\u00e3o Luis 65075, MA, Brazil"},{"name":"Florence Institute, Imunology Departament S\u00e3o Luis 65075, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"477","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis\u2014Early diagnosis and disease management","volume":"110","author":"Schneider","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dtsch. 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