{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T13:54:47Z","timestamp":1776434087939,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]],"date-time":"2018-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CTQ2016-75870-P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTQ2016-75870-P"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI12\/02529; PI15\/01206; CP15\/00103; PI17\/01237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI12\/02529; PI15\/01206; CP15\/00103; PI17\/01237"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RIRAAF RD12\/0013\/0001, 0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RIRAAF RD12\/0013\/0001, 0003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ARADyAL RD16\/0006\/0001, 0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ARADyAL RD16\/0006\/0001, 0012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Andalusian Regional Ministry of Economy","award":["CTS-06603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTS-06603"]}]},{"name":"Andalusian Regional Ministry of Health","award":["PI-0699-2011; PI-0179-2014; PI-0241-2016; PI-0250-2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI-0699-2011; PI-0179-2014; PI-0241-2016; PI-0250-2016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dendrimeric Antigens (DeAns) consist of dendrimers decorated with multiple units of drug antigenic determinants. These conjugates have been shown to be a powerful tool for diagnosing penicillin allergy using in vitro immunoassays, in which they are recognized by specific IgE from allergic patients. Here we propose a new diagnostic approach using DeAns in cellular tests, in which recognition occurs through IgE bound to the basophil surface. Both IgE molecular recognition and subsequent cell activation may be influenced by the tridimensional architecture and size of the immunogens. Structural features of benzylpenicilloyl-DeAn and amoxicilloyl-DeAn (G2 and G4 PAMAM) were studied by diffusion Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments and are discussed in relation to molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) observations. IgE recognition was clinically evaluated using the basophil activation test (BAT) for allergic patients and tolerant subjects. Diffusion NMR experiments, MDS and cellular studies provide evidence that the size of the DeAn, its antigen composition and tridimensional distribution play key roles in IgE-antigen recognition at the effector cell surface. These results indicate that the fourth generation DeAns induce a higher level of basophil activation in allergic patients. This approach can be considered as a potential complementary diagnostic method for evaluating penicillin allergy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23050997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]],"date-time":"2018-04-25T03:22:45Z","timestamp":1524626565000},"page":"997","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Dendrimeric Antigens for Drug Allergy Diagnosis: A New Approach for Basophil Activation Tests"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Noemi","family":"Molina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica, Universidad de M\u00e1laga\u2014IBIMA, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Parque Tecnol\u00f3gico de Andaluc\u00eda, 29590 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Martin-Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Parque Tecnol\u00f3gico de Andaluc\u00eda, 29590 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"Research Laboratory, IBIMA\u2014Regional University Hospital of M\u00e1laga\u2014UMA, 29009 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tahia D.","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Parque Tecnol\u00f3gico de Andaluc\u00eda, 29590 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"Research Laboratory, IBIMA\u2014Regional University Hospital of M\u00e1laga\u2014UMA, 29009 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amene","family":"Tesfaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Parque Tecnol\u00f3gico de Andaluc\u00eda, 29590 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"Research Laboratory, IBIMA\u2014Regional University Hospital of M\u00e1laga\u2014UMA, 29009 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1635-5514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Najera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica, Universidad de M\u00e1laga\u2014IBIMA, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Parque Tecnol\u00f3gico de Andaluc\u00eda, 29590 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda J.","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Parque Tecnol\u00f3gico de Andaluc\u00eda, 29590 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"Allergy Unit, IBIMA\u2014Regional University Hospital of M\u00e1laga\u2014UMA, 29009 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristobalina","family":"Mayorga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Parque Tecnol\u00f3gico de Andaluc\u00eda, 29590 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"Research Laboratory, IBIMA\u2014Regional University Hospital of M\u00e1laga\u2014UMA, 29009 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"Allergy Unit, IBIMA\u2014Regional University Hospital of M\u00e1laga\u2014UMA, 29009 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yolanda","family":"Vida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica, Universidad de M\u00e1laga\u2014IBIMA, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Parque Tecnol\u00f3gico de Andaluc\u00eda, 29590 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6641-5979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria I.","family":"Monta\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Parque Tecnol\u00f3gico de Andaluc\u00eda, 29590 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"Research Laboratory, IBIMA\u2014Regional University Hospital of M\u00e1laga\u2014UMA, 29009 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7546-5273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ezequiel","family":"Perez-Inestrosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica, Universidad de M\u00e1laga\u2014IBIMA, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Parque Tecnol\u00f3gico de Andaluc\u00eda, 29590 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1021\/cr900327d","article-title":"Dendrimers Designed for Functions: From Physical, Photophysical, and Supramolecular Properties to Applications in Sensing, Catalysis, Molecular Electronics, Photonics, and Nanomedicine","volume":"110","author":"Astruc","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. 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