{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T14:01:06Z","timestamp":1789912866903,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,29]],"date-time":"2018-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In mammals, a master clock is located within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, a region that receives input from the retina that is transmitted by the retinohypothalamic tract. The SCN controls the nocturnal synthesis of melatonin by the pineal gland that can influence the activity of the clock\u2019s genes and be involved in the inhibition of cancer development. On the other hand, in the literature, some papers highlight that artificial light exposure at night (LAN)-induced circadian disruptions promote cancer. In the present review, we summarize the potential mechanisms by which LAN-evoked disruption of the nocturnal increase in melatonin synthesis counteracts its preventive action on human cancer development and progression. In detail, we discuss: (i) the Warburg effect related to tumor metabolism modification; (ii) genomic instability associated with L1 activity; and (iii) regulation of immunity, including regulatory T cell (Treg) regulation and activity. A better understanding of these processes could significantly contribute to new treatment and prevention strategies against hormone-related cancer types.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23061308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,30]],"date-time":"2018-05-30T03:04:27Z","timestamp":1527649467000},"page":"1308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The Effect of Light Exposure at Night (LAN) on Carcinogenesis via Decreased Nocturnal Melatonin Synthesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Aldo","family":"Giudice","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori \u201cFondazione G. Pascale\u201d, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8455-3328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Crispo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori \u201cFondazione G. Pascale\u201d, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Grimaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori \u201cFondazione G. Pascale\u201d, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Polo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Pharmacology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori \u201cFondazione G. Pascale\u201d, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5408-9675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina","family":"Bimonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori \u201cFondazione G. Pascale\u201d, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Capunzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Amore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abdominal Surgical Oncology and Hepatobiliary Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori \u201cFondazione G. 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Pascale\u201d, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1072","article-title":"The circadian clock: Pacemaker and tumour suppressor","volume":"3","author":"Fu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00659","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.00659","article-title":"Shedding new light on circadian clocks","volume":"2","author":"Demarque","year":"2013","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2013-1051","article-title":"The effects of light at night on circadian clocks and metabolism","volume":"35","author":"Fonken","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocr. 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