{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:21:16Z","timestamp":1775780476860,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]],"date-time":"2018-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["116027-032-HD030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["116027-032-HD030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017R1D1A3B03032631"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017R1D1A3B03032631"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Conflicting results for morusin activity during adipogenic differentiation are reported in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and cancer cells. To elucidate the influence of morusin on fat metabolism, their anti-obesity effects and molecular mechanism were investigated in 3T3-L1 cells and primary adipocytes. Morusin at a dose of less than 20 \u00b5M does not induce any significant change in the viability of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 adipocytes stimulated with 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 1 \u00b5M dexamethasone, 10 \u00b5g\/mL insulin in DMEM containing 10% FBS (MDI)-significantly reduces in a dose-dependent manner after morusin treatment. The phosphorylation level of members in the MAP kinase signaling pathway under the insulin receptor downstream also decrease significantly in the MDI + morusin-treated group compared to MDI + vehicle-treated group. Also, the expression of adipogenic transcription factors (PPAR\u03b3 and C\/EBP\u03b1) and lipogenic proteins (aP2 and FAS) are significantly attenuated by exposure to the compound in MDI-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, the decrease in the G0\/G1 arrest of cell cycle after culturing in MDI medium was dramatically recovered after co-culturing in MDI + 20 \u00b5M morusin. Moreover, morusin treatment induces glycerol release in the primary adipocytes of SD rats and enhances lipolytic protein expression (HSL, ATGL, and perilipin) in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Overall, the results of the present study provide strong evidence that morusin inhibits adipogenesis by regulating the insulin receptor signaling, cell cycle and adipogenic protein expression as well as stimulating lipolysis by enhancing glycerol release and lipolytic proteins expression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23082004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]],"date-time":"2018-08-10T10:52:01Z","timestamp":1533898321000},"page":"2004","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Morusin Functions as a Lipogenesis Inhibitor as Well as a Lipolysis Stimulator in Differentiated 3T3-L1 and Primary Adipocytes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Mi Rim","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources &amp; Life Science\/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji Eun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources &amp; Life Science\/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun Young","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources &amp; Life Science\/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin Ju","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources &amp; Life Science\/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hye Ryeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources &amp; Life Science\/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo Ram","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources &amp; Life Science\/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji Won","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources &amp; Life Science\/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mi Ju","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources &amp; Life Science\/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Whan","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticultural Bioscience, College of Natural Resources &amp; Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyung Mi","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novarex Co., Chungju 28126, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dae Youn","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources &amp; Life Science\/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1021\/np970186o","article-title":"Bioactive constituents of Morus australis and Broussonetia papyrifera","volume":"60","author":"Ko","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. 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