{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T05:31:16Z","timestamp":1771651876989,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,29]],"date-time":"2018-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003664","name":"Korea Forest Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017040A00-1719-BA01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017040A00-1719-BA01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003664","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003668","name":"Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["116081-03-3-CG000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["116081-03-3-CG000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Swelling of retinal M\u00fcller cells is implicated in retinal edema and neuronal degeneration. M\u00fcller cell swelling is observed in patients with liver failure and is referred to as hepatic retinopathy. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of aloin, an anthraquinone-C-glycoside present in various Aloe species, on M\u00fcller cell dysfunction in a rat model of thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatic retinopathy. Experimental hepatic retinopathy was induced by three injections of TAA (200 mg\/kg\/day, intraperitoneal injection) for 3 days in rats. After the last injection of TAA, aloin (50 and 100 mg\/kg) was orally gavaged for 5 days. The effects of aloin on the liver injury, serum ammonia levels, M\u00fcller cell swelling, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, and gene expression of Kir4.1 and aquaporin-4 were examined. TAA-injected rats exhibited liver failure and hyperammonemia. In the TAA-injected rats, M\u00fcller cell bodies were highly enlarged, and GFAP, an indicator of retinal stress, was highly expressed in the retinas, indicating a predominant M\u00fcller cell gliosis. However, administration of aloin suppressed liver injury as well as M\u00fcller cell swelling through the normalization of Kir4.1 and aquaporin-4 channels, which play a key role in potassium and water transport in M\u00fcller cells. These results indicate that aloin may be helpful to protect retinal injury associated with liver failure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23112806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,29]],"date-time":"2018-10-29T11:10:41Z","timestamp":1540811441000},"page":"2806","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Aloin Inhibits M\u00fcller Cells Swelling in a Rat Model of Thioacetamide-Induced Hepatic Retinopathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Eunsoo","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9003-2158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junghyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea"},{"name":"Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-016-0439-x","article-title":"Overview on acute-on-chronic liver failure","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. 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