{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T01:22:37Z","timestamp":1788916957072,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,16]],"date-time":"2018-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taiwan MOST","award":["MOST 106-2113-M-020-001 & MOST 107-3017-F-020-001-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 106-2113-M-020-001 & MOST 107-3017-F-020-001-"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Peptides with angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity have received considerable interest due to their potential as antihypertensive agents and consumer concern over the safety of synthetic drugs. The objective of this study was to isolate ACE inhibitory (ACEI) peptides from Caulerpa lentillifera (known commonly as sea grape) protein hydrolysate. In this study, short-chain peptides were obtained after hydrolysis by various enzymes and subsequently by ultrafiltration. Thermolysin hydrolysate showed the highest ACEI activity. Bioassay-guided fractionation was performed using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) to uncover the fraction 9 with the highest ACE inhibitory activity from thermolysin hydrolysate. Peptides in this fraction were further identified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS) analysis coupled with de novo sequencing, which gave two oligopeptides, FDGIP (FP-5) and AIDPVRA (AA-7). The identities and activities of these two peptides were further confirmed using synthetic peptides. Their IC50 values were determined as 58.89 \u00b1 0.68 \u00b5M and 65.76 \u00b1 0.92 \u00b5M, respectively. Moreover, the inhibition kinetics revealed that both FP-5 and AA-7 are competitive inhibitors. These activities were further explained using molecular docking simulation. The present study is the first report about ACEI peptides derived from Caulerpa lentillifera and it shows the potential for preventing hypertension and for functional food development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23113005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,21]],"date-time":"2018-11-21T11:23:27Z","timestamp":1542799407000},"page":"3005","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Screening of Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides Derived from Caulerpa lentillifera"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Cesarea Hulda","family":"Joel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Brawijaya, Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoper C. Y.","family":"Sutopo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Brawijaya, Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arief","family":"Prajitno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Brawijaya, Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jui-Hsin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6771-6690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jue-Liang","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center for Austronesian Medicine and Agriculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Gabb, G.M., Mangoni, A., Anderson, C.S., Cowley, D., Dowden, J.S., Golledge, J., Hankey, G.J., Howes, F.S., Leckie, L., and Perkovic, V. 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