{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:11:21Z","timestamp":1790766681900,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,28]],"date-time":"2018-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005632","name":"Narodowe Centrum Bada\u0144 i Rozwoju","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Lider\/21\/0003\/l-7\/15\/NCBR\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Lider\/21\/0003\/l-7\/15\/NCBR\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The protein by-products from carp (Cyprinus carpio) are normally discarded as industrial waste during fish processing. The objective of this study was to identify and characterise the peptides with a potential antioxidant activity that are released from carp skin proteins during hydrolysis by the Protamex enzyme mixture. This study shows that a hydrolysate of carp skin gelatin and its reversed-phase chromatography fractions have strong in vitro antioxidant properties. Among these fractions, the alanine-tyrosine (Ala-Tyr) dipeptide was identified as the major compound with high antioxidant potential. The peptide has good stability during in vitro enzymatic digestion assay and can inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). In conclusion, our study proves that both the unfractionated hydrolysate of carp skin gelatin and the above-mentioned Ala-Tyr dipeptide represents attractive novel compounds for the formulation of antioxidant foods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24010097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,28]],"date-time":"2018-12-28T11:52:42Z","timestamp":1545997962000},"page":"97","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Identification of Antioxidant Peptides in Enzymatic Hydrolysates of Carp (Cyprinus Carpio) Skin Gelatin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1131-9386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Tkaczewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Product Technology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Balicka 122 Street, 30-149 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3324-7272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Bukowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7 Street, 30-387 Krak\u00f3sw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5222-3922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Mak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7 Street, 30-387 Krak\u00f3sw, Poland"},{"name":"Ma\u0142opolska Centre for Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A Street, 30-387 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2016.06.005","article-title":"Oxidative stress, protein modification and Alzheimer disease","volume":"133","author":"Tramutola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Res. 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