{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T17:48:40Z","timestamp":1789840120777,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]],"date-time":"2019-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31300603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31300603"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013285","name":"Program for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.2012-28"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.2012-28"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013285","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The National College Student Innovation Experiment Program","award":["14T10501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14T10501"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15D110508, 15D110527, 15D110527, 13D110522, 17D210502, 17D310512, 18D210501, 18D310507, 2232014D3-39"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15D110508, 15D110527, 15D110527, 13D110522, 17D210502, 17D310512, 18D210501, 18D310507, 2232014D3-39"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"General Financial Grant from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["2015M571455"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015M571455"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study focuses on the design and synthesis of a cage-like organic skeleton containing two triazole rings jointed via imine linkage. These molecules can act as urease inhibitors. The in-vitro urease inhibition screening results showed that the combination of the two triazole skeleton in the cage-like morphology exhibited comparable urease inhibition activity to that of the reference thiourea while the metallic complexation, especially with copper, nickel, and palladium, showed excellent activity results with IC50 values of 0.94 \u00b1 0.13, 3.71 \u00b1 0.61, and 7.64 \u00b1 1.21 (3a\u2013c), and 1.20 \u00b1 0.52, 3.93 \u00b1 0.45, and 12.87 \u00b1 2.11 \u00b5M (4a\u2013c). However, the rest of compounds among the targeted series exhibited a low to moderate enzyme inhibition potential. To better understand the compounds\u2019 underlying mechanisms of the inhibitory effect (3a and 4a) and their most active metal complexes (3b and 4b), we performed an enzymatic kinetic analysis using the Lineweaver\u2013Burk plot in the presence of different concentrations of inhibitors to represent the non-competitive inhibition nature of the compounds, 3a, 4a, and 4b, while mixed type inhibition was represented by the compound, 3b. Moreover, molecular docking confirmed the binding interactive behavior of 3a within the active site of the target protein.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24020312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,17]],"date-time":"2019-01-17T11:30:27Z","timestamp":1547724627000},"page":"312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Symmetrical Heterocyclic Cage Skeleton: Synthesis, Urease Inhibition Activity, Kinetic Mechanistic Insight, and Molecular Docking Analyses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Hanif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemicals Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, GC University Faisalabad, Sub campus Layyah 31200, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fariha","family":"Kanwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemicals Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Rafiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2532-1866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mubashir","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Natural Science, Department of Biology, Kongju National University, Gongju, Chungcheongnam 32588, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Mustaqeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sub-campus Bhakkar 30000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung-Yum","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Natural Science, Department of Biology, Kongju National University, Gongju, Chungcheongnam 32588, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunlong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemicals Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changrui","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemicals Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemicals Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Saleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sub-campus Bhakkar 30000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Habala, L., Var\u00e9nyi, S., Bilkov\u00e1, A., Herich, P., Valentov\u00e1, J., Ko\u017e\u00ed\u0161ek, J., and Dev\u00ednsky, F. 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