{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:55:45Z","timestamp":1790751345410,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]],"date-time":"2019-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21878163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21878163"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51708301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51708301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["2018M640231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018M640231"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin, China","award":["17JCZDJC39500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17JCZDJC39500"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research Project","award":["2018YFD080083-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFD080083-03"]}]},{"name":"2017 Science and Technology Demonstration Project of Industrial Integration and Development of Tianjin\uff0cChina","award":["17ZXYENC00100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17ZXYENC00100"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin, China","award":["17JCZDJC39500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17JCZDJC39500"]}]},{"name":"2017 Jinnan District Science and Technology Project of Tianjin, China","award":["20171505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20171505"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Furfural is a versatile platform molecule for the synthesis of various chemicals and fuels, and it can be produced by acid-catalyzed dehydration of xylose derived from renewable biomass resources. A series of metal salts and ionic liquids were investigated to obtain the best combination of catalyst and solvent for the conversion of xylose into furfural. A furfural yield of 71.1% was obtained at high xylose loading (20 wt%) from the single-phasic reaction system whereby SnCl4 was used as catalyst and ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (EMIMBr) was used as reaction medium. Moreover, the combined catalyst consisting of 5 mol% SnCl4 and 5 mol% MgCl2 also produced a high furfural yield (68.8%), which was comparable to the furfural yield obtained with 10 mol% SnCl4. The water\u2013organic solvent biphasic systems could improve the furfural yield compared with the single aqueous phase. Although these organic solvents could form biphasic systems with ionic liquid EMIMBr, the furfural yield decreased remarkably compared with the single EMIMBr phase. Besides, the EMIMBr\/SnCl4 system with appropriate water was also efficient to convert xylan and lignocellulosic biomass corn stalk into furfural, obtaining furfural yields as high as 57.3% and 54.5%, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24030594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]],"date-time":"2019-02-07T11:50:33Z","timestamp":1549540233000},"page":"594","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Efficient Synthesis of Furfural from Biomass Using SnCl4 as Catalyst in Ionic Liquid"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yifan","family":"Nie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biomass Solid Waste Resources Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qidong","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biomass Solid Waste Resources Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weizun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biomass Solid Waste Resources Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanyunlong","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biomass Solid Waste Resources Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biomass Solid Waste Resources Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meiting","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biomass Solid Waste Resources Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.01.037","article-title":"Assessing the potential sustainability benefits of agricultural residues: Biomass conversion to syngas for energy generation or to chemicals production","volume":"172","author":"Lozano","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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