{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:34:36Z","timestamp":1791239676693,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,25]],"date-time":"2019-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Phthalides and \u03b1,\u03b2-butenolides are two related classes of oxygenated heterocycles with a wide range of biological activities. An innovative strategy to prepare these compounds is based on C\u2014H bond functionalization reactions, in which two simple, unfunctionalized molecules are coupled together with cleavage of a C\u2014H bond and formation of a C\u2014X bond (X=C or heteroatom). This paper reviews the methods for the synthesis of phthalides and \u03b1,\u03b2-butenolides by C\u2014H bond functionalization from non-halogenated starting materials. Over 30 methods are reported, mostly developed during the past ten years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24040824","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,25]],"date-time":"2019-02-25T10:56:53Z","timestamp":1551092213000},"page":"824","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Synthesis of Phthalides and \u03b1,\u03b2-butenolides by Transition Metal-Catalyzed Activation of C\u2014H Bonds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6446-0829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Renzetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kozo","family":"Fukumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Kinghorn, A.D., Falk, H., Gibbons, S., and Kobayashi, J.I. 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