{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T02:43:47Z","timestamp":1778899427780,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Scientific and Technologic Foundation of Jilin Province","award":["20160520048JH, 201603078YY and 20180311037YY"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20160520048JH, 201603078YY and 20180311037YY"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Suppressive effects of ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2), (24R)-pseudo-ginsenoside HQ (R-PHQ), and (24S)-pseudo-ginsenoside HQ (S-PHQ) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression-like behavior were evaluated using the forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) in mice. Pretreatment with Rh2, R-PHQ, and S-PHQ significantly decreased immobility time in FST and TST with clear dose-dependence, and significantly downregulated levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 and interleukin-6, and upregulated superoxide dismutase activity in the hippocampus of LPS-challenged mice. Furthermore, R-PHQ and S-PHQ significantly increased the expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), sirtuin type 1 (Sirt1), and nuclear-related factor 2, and inhibited the phosphorylation of inhibitor of \u03baB-\u03b1 and nuclear factor-\u03baB (NF-\u03baB) in the hippocampus of LPS-challenged mice. Additionally, the antidepressant-like effect of R-PHQ was found related to the dopaminergic (DA), \u03b3-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic, and noradrenaline systems, while the antidepressive effect of S-PHQ was involved in the DA and GABAergic systems. Taken together, these results suggested that Rh2, R-PHQ, and S-PHQ produced significant antidepressant-like effects, which may be related to the BDNF\/TrkB and Sirt1\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24050870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]],"date-time":"2019-03-04T05:45:36Z","timestamp":1551678336000},"page":"870","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Study on Antidepressant Activity of Pseudo-Ginsenoside HQ on Depression-Like Behavior in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Li-xue","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Special Animals and Plants Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China"},{"name":"College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3553-0349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeng","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zi-jun","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Special Animals and Plants Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China"},{"name":"College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shan-shan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Special Animals and Plants Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-li","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Special Animals and Plants Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China"},{"name":"College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Special Animals and Plants Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China"},{"name":"College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Song-xin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Special Animals and Plants Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China"},{"name":"College of Chinese 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China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1222939","article-title":"Synaptic Dysfunction in Depression: Potential Therapeutic Targets","volume":"338","author":"Duman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3095","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.23.3095","article-title":"The epidemiology of major depressive disorder: Results from the national comorbidity survey replication (ncs-r)","volume":"289","author":"Kessler","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20204","article-title":"Effects of antipsychotics, antidepressants and mood stabilizers on risk for physical diseases in people with schizophrenia, depression and bipolar 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