{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T17:16:41Z","timestamp":1767979001860,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010801","name":"Xunta de Galicia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ED431F 2016\/010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED431F 2016\/010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010801","name":"Xunta de Galicia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ED431C 2016\/008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED431C 2016\/008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010198","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SAF2017-83118-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAF2017-83118-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010198","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RYC2014-15239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RYC2014-15239"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AEI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AEI"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FEDER"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FEDER"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Interreg V-A POCTEP Programme","award":["0245_IBEROS_1_E"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0245_IBEROS_1_E"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008425","name":"Conseller\u00eda de Cultura, Educaci\u00f3n e Ordenaci\u00f3n Universitaria, Xunta de Galicia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ED481A-2018\/014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED481A-2018\/014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008425","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IF\/00411\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/00411\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IF\/00411\/2013\/CP1167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/00411\/2013\/CP1167"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/Multi\/50016\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/Multi\/50016\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aerogels from natural polymers are endowed with attractive textural and biological properties for biomedical applications due to their high open mesoporosity, low density, and reduced toxicity. Nevertheless, the lack of macroporosity in the aerogel structure and of a sterilization method suitable for these materials restrict their use for regenerative medicine purposes and prompt the research on getting ready-to-implant dual (macro + meso)porous aerogels. In this work, zein, a family of proteins present in materials for tissue engineering, was evaluated as a sacrificial porogen to obtain macroporous starch aerogels. This approach was particularly advantageous since it could be integrated in the conventional aerogel processing method without extra leaching steps. Physicochemical, morphological, and mechanical characterization were performed to study the effect of porogen zein at various proportions (0:1, 1:2, and 1:1 zein:starch weight ratio) on the properties of the obtained starch-based aerogels. From a forward-looking perspective for its clinical application, a supercritical CO2 sterilization treatment was implemented for these aerogels. The sterilization efficacy and the influence of the treatment on the aerogel final properties were evaluated mainly in terms of absence of microbial growth, cytocompatibility, as well as physicochemical, structural, and mechanical modifications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24050871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]],"date-time":"2019-03-04T05:45:36Z","timestamp":1551678336000},"page":"871","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Sterile and Dual-Porous Aerogels Scaffolds Obtained through a Multistep Supercritical CO2-Based Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5943-1839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"Santos-Rosales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacolog\u00eda, Farmacia y Tecnolog\u00eda Farmac\u00e9utica, R+D Pharma group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"In\u00e9s","family":"Ardao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioFarma Research group, Centro Singular de Investigaci\u00f3n en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Cr\u00f3nicas (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8546-7085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Alvarez-Lorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacolog\u00eda, Farmacia y Tecnolog\u00eda Farmac\u00e9utica, R+D Pharma group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nilza","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina-Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, 4200-375 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8012-4203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana L.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina-Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, 4200-375 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9542-3679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos A.","family":"Garc\u00eda-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacolog\u00eda, Farmacia y Tecnolog\u00eda Farmac\u00e9utica, R+D Pharma group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1021\/bc5005922","article-title":"Processing of Materials for Regenerative Medicine Using Supercritical Fluid Technology","volume":"26","author":"Concheiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioconjug. 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