{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T23:53:09Z","timestamp":1773273189621,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]],"date-time":"2019-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The National Science and Technology Project of China","award":["2011ZX09307-002-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2011ZX09307-002-02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cynatratoside A (CyA) is a C21 Steroidal glycoside with pregnane skeleton isolated from the root of Cynanchum atratum Bunge (Asclepiadaceae). This study aimed to investigate the effects of CyA on concanavalin A (Con A)-induced autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and the underlying mechanism. CyA was orally administered to mice at 10 and 40 mg\/kg 8 h before and 1 h after Con A treatment. The effects of CyA on Con A-induced spleen and liver in mice were assessed via histopathological changes, T lymphocyte amounts and the expressions of IL-1\u03b2 and ICAM-1. Con A-induced L-02 hepatocytes were used to evaluate whether CyA (0.1\u201310 \u03bcM) can directly protect hepatocytes from cytotoxicity and the possible mechanism. The results revealed that CyA treatment could significantly improve the histopathological changes of spleen and liver, reduce the proliferation of splenic T lymphocytes, and decrease the expressions of IL-1\u03b2 and ICAM-1 in liver. The experiment in vitro showed that CyA inhibited Con A-induced hepatotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner. CyA (10 \u03bcM) significantly increased\/decreased the expression of Bcl-2\/Bax and reduced the levels of cleaved caspases-9 and -3. Our study demonstrated for the first time that CyA has a significant protective effect on Con A-induced AIH by inhibiting the activation and adhesion of T lymphocytes and blocking hepatocyte apoptosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24061087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]],"date-time":"2019-03-19T12:12:25Z","timestamp":1552997545000},"page":"1087","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A C21-Steroidal Glycoside from Cynanchum atratum Attenuates Concanavalin A-Induced Liver Injury in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao-feng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang-hong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.8376","article-title":"Hepatic inflammation and immunity: A summary of a conference on the function of the immune system within the liver","volume":"31","author":"Bertolino","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-009-0173-4","article-title":"Microanatomy of the liver immune system","volume":"31","author":"Nemeth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin. 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