{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T02:42:01Z","timestamp":1791859321263,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":232,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]],"date-time":"2019-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lactoferrin (Lf), a cationic glycoprotein able to chelate two ferric irons per molecule, is synthesized by exocrine glands and neutrophils. Since the first anti-microbial function attributed to Lf, several activities have been discovered, including the relevant anti-inflammatory one, especially associated to the down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as IL-6. As high levels of IL-6 are involved in iron homeostasis disorders, Lf is emerging as a potent regulator of iron and inflammatory homeostasis. Here, the role of Lf against aseptic and septic inflammation has been reviewed. In particular, in the context of aseptic inflammation, as anemia of inflammation, preterm delivery, Alzheimer\u2019s disease and type 2 diabetes, Lf administration reduces local and\/or systemic inflammation. Moreover, Lf oral administration, by decreasing serum IL-6, reverts iron homeostasis disorders. Regarding septic inflammation occurring in Chlamydia trachomatis infection, cystic fibrosis and inflammatory bowel disease, Lf, besides the anti-inflammatory activity, exerts a significant activity against bacterial adhesion, invasion and colonization. Lastly, a critical analysis of literature in vitro data reporting contradictory results on the Lf role in inflammatory processes, ranging from pro- to anti-inflammatory activity, highlighted that they depend on cell models, cell metabolic status, stimulatory or infecting agents as well as on Lf iron saturation degree, integrity and purity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24071323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]],"date-time":"2019-04-04T03:13:42Z","timestamp":1554347622000},"page":"1323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":129,"title":["Lactoferrin in Aseptic and Septic Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Maria Stefania","family":"Lepanto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1252-6080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosalba","family":"Paesano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbo S.R.L., 00153 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piera","family":"Valenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antimo","family":"Cutone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1039\/C4MT00214H","article-title":"Iron-sensitive fluorescent probes: Monitoring intracellular iron pools","volume":"7","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Metallomics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1986","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199912233412607","article-title":"Disorders of iron metabolism","volume":"341","author":"Andrews","year":"2000","journal-title":"N. 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