{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T20:44:49Z","timestamp":1782333889637,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,6]],"date-time":"2019-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polysulfides (H2Sx) represent a class of reactive sulfur species (RSS) which includes molecules such as H2S2, H2S3, H2S4, and H2S5, and whose presence and impact in biological systems, when compared to other sulfur compounds, has only recently attracted the wider attention of researchers. Studies in this field have revealed a facet-rich chemistry and biological activity associated with such chemically simple, still unusual inorganic molecules. Despite their chemical simplicity, these inorganic species, as reductants and oxidants, metal binders, surfactant-like \u201ccork screws\u201d for membranes, components of perthiol signalling and reservoirs for inorganic hydrogen sulfide (H2S), are at the centre of complicated formation and transformation pathways which affect numerous cellular processes. Starting from their chemistry, the hidden presence and various roles of polysulfides in biology may become more apparent, despite their lack of clear analytical fingerprints and often murky biochemical footprints. Indeed, the biological chemistry of H2Sx follows many unexplored paths and today, the relationship between H2S and its oxidized H2Sx species needs to be clarified as a matter of \u201cunmistaken identity\u201d. Simultaneously, emerging species, such as HSSeSH and SenS8\u2212n, also need to be considered in earnest.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24071359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]],"date-time":"2019-04-08T11:54:52Z","timestamp":1554724492000},"page":"1359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Inorganic Polysulfides and Related Reactive Sulfur\u2013Selenium Species from the Perspective of Chemistry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ammar","family":"Kharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Saarland, D-66123 Saarbruecken, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2846-7924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marian","family":"Grman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovak"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anton","family":"Misak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovak"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2655-1575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique","family":"Dom\u00ednguez-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica General, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (IQOG-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2911-2607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Jawad","family":"Nasim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Saarland, D-66123 Saarbruecken, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8329-3563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karol","family":"Ondrias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovak"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9120-5084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miroslav","family":"Chovanec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovak"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claus","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Saarland, D-66123 Saarbruecken, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1212","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00061.2016","article-title":"Garlic oil polysulfides: H2S-and O2-independent prooxidants in buffer and antioxidants in cells","volume":"310","author":"DeLeon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. 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