{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T22:10:05Z","timestamp":1792102205836,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]],"date-time":"2019-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003339","name":"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201780I027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201780I027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003339","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003825","name":"Magyar Tudom\u00e1nyos Akad\u00e9mia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005881","name":"Emberi Eroforr\u00e1sok Miniszt\u00e9riuma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["\u00daNKP-17-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u00daNKP-17-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005881","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015763","name":"Szegedi Tudom\u00e1nyegyetem","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SZTE \u00c1OK-KKA 2018\/270-62-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZTE \u00c1OK-KKA 2018\/270-62-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015763","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bacterial multidrug resistance is becoming a growing problem for public health, due to the development and spreading of bacterial strains resistant to antimicrobials. In this study, the antibacterial and multidrug resistance reversing activity of a series of seleno-carbonyl compounds has been evaluated. The effects of eleven selenocompounds on bacterial growth were evaluated in Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Chlamydia trachomatis D. The combination effect of compounds with antibiotics was examined by the minimum inhibitory concentration reduction assay. Their efflux pump (EP) inhibitory properties were assessed using real-time fluorimetry. Relative expressions of EP and quorum-sensing genes were studied by quantitative PCR. Results showed that a methylketone selenoester had remarkable antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and potentiated the activity of oxacillin in MRSA. Most of the selenocompounds showed significant anti-chlamydial effects. The selenoanhydride and the diselenodiester were active inhibitors of the AcrAB-TolC system. Based on these results it can be concluded that this group of selenocompounds can be attractive potential antibacterials and EP inhibitors. The discovery of new derivatives with a significant antibacterial activity as novel selenocompounds, is of high impact in the fight against resistant pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24081487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,17]],"date-time":"2019-04-17T03:02:01Z","timestamp":1555470121000},"page":"1487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Selenocompounds as Novel Antibacterial Agents and Bacterial Efflux Pump Inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4499-388X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T\u00edmea","family":"Mosolyg\u00f3","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, D\u00f3m t\u00e9r 10, 6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annam\u00e1ria","family":"Kincses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, D\u00f3m t\u00e9r 10, 6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Csonka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, D\u00f3m t\u00e9r 10, 6720 Szeged, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis utca 1, 6725 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1d\u00e1m Szab\u00f3","family":"T\u00f6nki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, D\u00f3m t\u00e9r 10, 6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Witek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Sanmart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5183-801X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata Anna","family":"Mar\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, D\u00f3m t\u00e9r 7, 6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jadwiga","family":"Handzlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Kie\u0107-Kononowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2655-1575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique","family":"Dom\u00ednguez-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica General (IQOG-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Spengler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, D\u00f3m t\u00e9r 10, 6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02177-15","article-title":"Suppression of Emergence of Resistance in Pathogenic Bacteria: Keeping Our Powder Dry, Part 1","volume":"60","author":"Drusano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2009.05.014","article-title":"Eukaryotic selenoproteins and selenoproteomes","volume":"1790","author":"Lobanov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1007\/s12199-007-0019-4","article-title":"Selenium: Its role as antioxidant in human health","volume":"13","author":"Tinggi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Health Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2018.05.015","article-title":"Selenides bearing benzenesulfonamide show potent inhibition activity against carbonic anhydrases from pathogenic bacteria Vibrio cholerae and Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"79","author":"Angeli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2014.02.045","article-title":"Preparation and antibacterial activity studies of degraded polysaccharide selenide from Enteromorpha prolifera","volume":"107","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Carbohyd. Polym."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Witek, K., Nasim, M., Bischoff, M., Gaupp, R., Arsenyan, P., Vasiljeva, J., Mar\u0107, M., Olejarz, A., Latacz, G., and Kie\u0107-Kononowicz, K. (2017). Selenazolinium Salts as \u201cSmall Molecule Catalysts\u201d with High Potency against ESKAPE Bacterial Pathogens. Molecules, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22122174"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2016.04.064","article-title":"Identification of selenocompounds with promising properties to reverse cancer multidrug resistance","volume":"26","author":"Spengler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2017.01.033","article-title":"Selenoesters and selenoanhydrides as novel multidrug resistance reversing agents: A confirmation study in a colon cancer MDR cell line","volume":"27","author":"Spengler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics2010028","article-title":"Recent Advances in Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) Efflux Pump Inhibitors of Gram-Positive Bacteria S. aureus","volume":"2","author":"Handzlik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.2174\/1568005043340641","article-title":"Genetic elements carrying macrolide efflux genes in streptococci","volume":"4","author":"Pozzi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets Infect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(03)00218-8","article-title":"Msr(A) and related macrolide\/streptogramin resistance determinants: Incomplete transporters?","volume":"22","author":"Reynolds","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4781","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.11.4781-4783.2005","article-title":"Use of an efflux-deficient streptococcus pneumoniae strain panel to identify ABC-class multidrug transporters involved in intrinsic resistance to antimicrobial agents","volume":"49","author":"Robertson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10731","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10731","article-title":"Tripartite assembly of RND multidrug efflux pumps","volume":"7","author":"Daury","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00039-18","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00039-18","article-title":"MarR Family Transcription Factors from Burkholderia Species: Hidden Clues to Control of Virulence-Associated Genes","volume":"83","author":"Gupta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.66.4.671-701.2002","article-title":"Regulation of bacterial drug export systems","volume":"66","author":"Grkovic","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq112","article-title":"Quorum-sensing regulator sdiA and marA overexpression is involved in in vitro-selected multidrug resistance of Escherichia coli","volume":"65","author":"Aquili","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.95B5.31216","article-title":"Effects of selenium coating of orthopaedic implant surfaces on bacterial adherence and osteoblastic cell growth","volume":"95","author":"Holinka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone Joint J."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.3109\/00365540903493707","article-title":"Anti-unlcer and antimicrobial activities of sodium selenite against Helicobacter pylori: In vitro and in vivo evaluation","volume":"42","author":"Kumar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aribi, M., Meziane, W., Habi, S., Boulatika, Y., Marchandin, H., and Aymeric, J.-L. (2015). Macrophage Bactericidal Activities against Staphylococcus aureus Are Enhanced In Vivo by Selenium Supplementation in a Dose-Dependent Manner. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135515"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2555","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-016-7300-7","article-title":"Biogenic selenium nanoparticles: Current status and future prospects","volume":"100","author":"Wadhwani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24656","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms161024656","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA Growth and Biofilm Formation after Treatment with Antibiotics and SeNPs","volume":"16","author":"Cihalova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6968.12353","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of silver phosphate and selenium nanoparticles on Staphylococcus aureus growth reveals potential for selenium particles to prevent infection","volume":"351","author":"Chudobova","year":"2014","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2015.05.024","article-title":"45S5Bioglass\u00ae-based scaffolds coated with selenium nanoparticles or with poly(lactide-co-glycolide)\/selenium particles: Processing, evaluation and antibacterial activity","volume":"132","author":"Boccaccini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Colloid. Surf. B"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2015.10.041","article-title":"Investigation of functional selenium nanoparticles as potent antimicrobial agents against superbugs","volume":"30","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2015.10.052","article-title":"Biogenic selenium nanoparticles inhibit Staphylococcus aureus adherence on different surfaces","volume":"136","author":"Sonkusre","year":"2015","journal-title":"Colloid. Surf. B"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1007\/s00449-015-1413-8","article-title":"Green synthesis and structural characterization of selenium nanoparticles and assessment of their antimicrobial property","volume":"38","author":"Srivastava","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioproc. Biosyst. Eng."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.10.96","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance in Chlamydiae","volume":"5","author":"Sandoz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.2741\/4611","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of Chlamydia trachomatis resistance to antimicrobial drugs","volume":"23","author":"Mestrovic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Biosci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6490","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.184.23.6490-6499.2002","article-title":"Substrate specificity of the RND-type multidrug efflux pumps AcrB and AcrD of Escherichia coli is determined predominantly by two large periplasmic loops","volume":"184","author":"Elkins","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp234","article-title":"Only for substrate antibiotics are a functional AcrAB-TolC efflux pump and RamA required to select multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium","volume":"64","author":"Ricci","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1754-1611-3-18","article-title":"Fluorometric determination of ethidium bromide efflux kinetics in Escherichia coli","volume":"3","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Eng."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3313","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules14093313","article-title":"Synthesis and pharmacological screening of several aroyl and heteroaroyl selenylacetic acid derivatives as cytotoxic and antiproliferative agents","volume":"14","author":"Plano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2013.11.034","article-title":"Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of novel selenoester derivatives","volume":"73","author":"Plano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u00edaz-Argelich, N., Enc\u00edo, I., Plano, D., Fernandes, A.P., Palop, J.A., and Sanmart\u00edn, C. (2017). Novel Methylselenoesters as Antiproliferative Agents. Molecules, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22081288"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spengler, G., Gajd\u00e1cs, M., Mar\u0107, M., Dom\u00ednguez-\u00c1lvarez, E., and Sanmart\u00edn, C. (2019). Organoselenium Compounds as Novel Adjuvants of Chemotherapy Drugs\u2014A Promising Approach to Fight Cancer Drug Resistance. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24020336"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5705","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00997-15","article-title":"Leishmanicidal Activities of Novel Methylseleno-Imidocarbamates","volume":"59","author":"Campbell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02546-16","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02546-16","article-title":"Library of Seleno-Compounds as Novel Agents against Leishmania Species","volume":"61","author":"Plano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrobial. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00117-14","article-title":"The challenge of efflux-mediated antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2011.00290.x","article-title":"Broad-specificity efflux pumps and their role in multidrug resistance of Gram-negative bacteria","volume":"36","author":"Nikaido","year":"2012","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01400-13","article-title":"Application of DNA chip scanning technology for automatic detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae inclusions","volume":"58","author":"Bogdanov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"(2017, July 24). Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute: CLSI Guidelines. Available online: https:\/\/clsi.org\/."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2010.08.020","article-title":"Chlamydophila pneumoniae induces production of the defensin-like MIG\/CXCL9, which has in vitro antichlamydial activity","volume":"301","author":"Balogh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2007.12.015","article-title":"Demonstration of intrinsic efflux activity of Escherichia coli K-12 AG100 by an automated ethidium bromide method","volume":"31","author":"Viveiros","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.21873\/invivo.10999","article-title":"Fluorinated Beta-diketo Phosphorus Ylides Are Novel Efflux Pump Inhibitors in Bacteria","volume":"30","author":"Kincses","year":"2016","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Viveiros, M., Dupont, M., Rodrigues, L., Couto, I., Davin-Regli, A., Martins, M., Pag\u00e8s, J.-M., and Amaral, L. (2007). Antibiotic stress, genetic response and altered permeability of E. coli. PLoS ONE, 2.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000365"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of Relative Gene Expression Data Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212\u0394\u0394CT Method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/24\/8\/1487\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:45:42Z","timestamp":1760186742000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/24\/8\/1487"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules24081487"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules24081487","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]]}}}