{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:11:14Z","timestamp":1790802674423,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]],"date-time":"2019-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31870333"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31870333"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Qinghai Provincial Science Foundation","award":["2019-ZJ-7023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-ZJ-7023"]}]},{"name":"the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Plateau Eclology and Agriculture, Qinghai Unvierstiy","award":["2016-KF-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-KF-05"]}]},{"name":"the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province","award":["tshw201502046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["tshw201502046"]}]},{"name":"the Shuangbai Project of Yantai, and Youth Innovation Promotion Association, CAS.","award":["2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid analog, which is reported to induce insulin resistance and to exacerbate diabetic symptoms. In this study, we investigated the association between mitochondrial dysfunction and the pathophysiology of dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance. An insulin resistance model in 3T3-L1 adipocyte was established by 48-h treatment of 1 \u03bcM dexamethasone, followed with the detection of mitochondrial function. Results showed that dexamethasone impaired insulin-induced glucose uptake and caused mitochondrial dysfunction. Abnormality in mitochondrial function was supported by decreased intracellular ATP and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), increased intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mtDNA damage. Mitochondrial dynamic changes and biogenesis were suggested by decreased Drp1, increased Mfn2, and decreased PGC-1, NRF1, and TFam, respectively. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number exhibited no change while the mitochondrial mass increased. In agreement, studies in isolated mitochondria from mouse liver also showed dexamethasone-induced reduction of mitochondrial respiratory function, as suggested by decreased mitochondrial respiration controlling rate (RCR), lower MMP, declined ATP synthesis, opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), damage of mtDNA, and the accumulation of ROS. In summary, our study suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction occurs along with dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance in 3T3 L1 adipocytes and might be a potential mechanism of dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24101982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]],"date-time":"2019-05-24T02:22:00Z","timestamp":1558664520000},"page":"1982","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Dexamethasone-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance-Study in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and Mitochondria Isolated from Mouse Liver"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3046-1222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangxiang","family":"Luan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5743-0963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810008, China"},{"name":"Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research of Qinghai Province, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youcai","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research of Qinghai Province, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research of Qinghai Province, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenhua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honglun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810008, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research of Qinghai Province, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000060923.07573.F2","article-title":"Obesity, Insulin Resistance, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Risk in Children","volume":"107","author":"Steinberger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000128019.19363.f9","article-title":"Insulin resistance and hypertension: The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis study","volume":"43","author":"Saad","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2596","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107452","article-title":"Metabolic Effects of Exogenous Glucocorticoids in Fasted Man","volume":"52","author":"Owen","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. 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