{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T21:42:44Z","timestamp":1792014164877,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,27]],"date-time":"2019-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61575019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61575019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11474018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11474018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61775013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61775013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFB0401302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFB0401302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016JBM066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016JBM066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs), high-quality perovskite film grown on hole-transporting material (HTM) with pinhole-free coverage and a large grain size is crucial for high efficiency. Here, we report on the growth of pinhole-free and large grain CH3NH3PbI3 crystals favored by a hydrophobic small molecular HTM, namely, 4,4\u2032-Bis(4-(di-p-toyl)aminostyryl)biphenyl (TPASBP). The hydrophobic surface induced by TPASBP suppressed the density of the perovskite nuclei and heterogeneous nucleation, thus promoting the perovskite to grow into a dense and homogeneous film with a large grain size. The CH3NH3PbI3 deposited on the TPASBP exhibited better crystallization and a lower trap density than that on the hydrophilic surface of indium tin oxide (ITO), resulting in a significant reduction in carrier recombination. Combined with the efficient hole extraction ability of TPASBP, a high efficiency of 18.72% in the inverted PSCs fabricated on TPASBP was achieved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24102027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,27]],"date-time":"2019-05-27T11:19:27Z","timestamp":1558955967000},"page":"2027","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Benefits of the Hydrophobic Surface for CH3NH3PbI3 Crystalline Growth towards Highly Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Beijing Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, China"},{"name":"Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Beijing Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, China"},{"name":"Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suling","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Beijing Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, China"},{"name":"Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dandan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Beijing Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, China"},{"name":"Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Beijing Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, China"},{"name":"Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youqin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Beijing Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, China"},{"name":"Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Beijing Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, China"},{"name":"Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6050","DOI":"10.1021\/ja809598r","article-title":"Organometal Halide Perovskites as Visible-Light Sensitizers for Photovoltaic Cells","volume":"131","author":"Kojima","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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