{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:43:57Z","timestamp":1792813437796,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]],"date-time":"2019-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A method for processing of metallurgical waste materials (chemically defined as sulfur-bearing zinc-ferric materials) produced by plants processing zinc ores and their concentrates is proposed. The method proposed is a combination of pyro- and hydrometallurgical treatments of the waste material. The crucial steps in the developed method include: roasting the material at 450 \u00b0C to generate sulfur dioxide (SO2), absorption of SO2 in an aqueous system to form sulfuric acid (IV), carbothermic decomposition of zinc ferrite compounds, and leaching of zinc from the roasted material using sulfuric (IV) acid. The method allows one to extract up to 40% of zinc from the waste material and, consequently, to generate a fraction of material with substantially higher content of iron oxides. The proposed method takes advantage of the presence of sulfur in the processed material which upon roasting is converted to sulfuric acid (IV)\u2014a leaching agent for selective extraction of zinc. The properly adjusted pH of the aqueous medium in which the leaching process is carried out is the key factor determining the quantitative and selective separation of zinc. If the amount of sulfur in the processed material is insufficient, it may be supplemented by adding sulfuric acid (VI) to adjust the pH. The method proposed was tested at a laboratory scale and quarter industrial scale using the real samples taken from stockpiles in the vicinity of the plant processing zinc and lead ores in Poland. It may also work for any zinc-ferric materials from various sources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24122275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]],"date-time":"2019-06-19T10:43:32Z","timestamp":1560941012000},"page":"2275","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Selective Recovery of Zinc from Metallurgical Waste Materials from Processing Zinc and Lead Ores"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Hyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Center, University of Warsaw, \u017bwirki i Wigury 101, PL-02-089 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konrad","family":"Kitka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Center, University of Warsaw, \u017bwirki i Wigury 101, PL-02-089 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dariusz","family":"Rudnicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Greenmet Technology Ltd., Che\u0142mo\u0144skiego 67, PL-96-321 \u017belech\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(00)00095-1","article-title":"Review of hydrometallurgical recovery of zinc from industrial wastes","volume":"33","author":"Jha","year":"2001","journal-title":"Resour. Conser. Recy."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2004.07.014","article-title":"Leaching assessment of road materials containing primary lead and zinc slags","volume":"24","author":"Barna","year":"2004","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"167","article-title":"Heavy metal pollution potential of zinc leach residues discarded in \u00e7inkur plant","volume":"22","author":"Erdem","year":"1998","journal-title":"Turkish J. Eng. Env. 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Env. Manag."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcata.2007.03.021","article-title":"Reduction behavior of iron oxides in hydrogen and carbon monoxide atmospheres","volume":"326","author":"Jozwiak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. A-Gen."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1007\/s11663-001-0092-9","article-title":"Carbothermal Reduction of Zinc Ferrite","volume":"32B","author":"Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Metall. Mater. Trans. 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