{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T15:24:15Z","timestamp":1789226655818,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,25]],"date-time":"2019-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Finance Code 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Finance Code 001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["303713\/2014-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["303713\/2014-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E-26\/2002.800\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/2002.800\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E-26\/200.930\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/200.930\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sporotrichosis occurs worldwide and is caused by the fungus Sporothrix brasiliensis. This agent has a high zoonotic potential and is transmitted mainly by bites and scratches from infected felines. A new association between the drugs clotrimazole and itraconazole is shown to be effective against S. brasiliensis yeasts. This association was formulated as a microemulsion containing benzyl alcohol as oil, Tween\u00ae 60 and propylene glycol as surfactant and cosurfactant, respectively, and water. Initially, the compatibility between clotrimazole and itraconazole was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD). Additionally, a simple and efficient analytical HPLC method was developed to simultaneously determine the concentration of clotrimazole and itraconazole in the novel microemulsion. The developed method proved to be efficient, robust, and reproducible for both components of the microemulsion. We also performed an accelerated stability study of this formulation, and the developed analytical method was applied to monitor the content of active ingredients. Interestingly, these investigations led to the detection of a known clotrimazole degradation product whose structure was confirmed using NMR and HRMS, as well as a possible interaction between itraconazole and benzyl alcohol.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24122333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,25]],"date-time":"2019-06-25T10:52:31Z","timestamp":1561459951000},"page":"2333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Development of a Method for the Quantification of Clotrimazole and Itraconazole and Study of Their Stability in a New Microemulsion for the Treatment of Sporotrichosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0640-5079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Garcia Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Tecnologia Farmac\u00eautica, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niter\u00f3i-RJ 24241-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Guimar\u00e3es de Souza Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e2nica, Instituto de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niter\u00f3i-RJ 24210-141, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Let\u00edcia Lorena","family":"Noronha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Tecnologia Farmac\u00eautica, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niter\u00f3i-RJ 24241-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcela Cristina","family":"de Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e2nica, Instituto de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niter\u00f3i-RJ 24210-141, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2042-3778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando de Carvalho da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e2nica, Instituto de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niter\u00f3i-RJ 24210-141, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8511-0003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Lifsitch Vi\u00e7osa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Farmanguinhos-Manguinhos, Avenida Sinzenando Nabuco 100, Rio de Janeiro-RJ 21045-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00e9bora","family":"Omena Futuro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Tecnologia Farmac\u00eautica, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niter\u00f3i-RJ 24241-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2166-766X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitor","family":"Francisco Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Tecnologia Farmac\u00eautica, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niter\u00f3i-RJ 24241-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myu062","article-title":"Global epidemiology of sporotrichosis","volume":"53","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gremi\u00e3o, I.D., Miranda, L.H., Reis, E.G., Rodrigues, A.M., and Pereira, S.A. (2017). Zoonotic epidemic of sporotrichosis: Cat to human transmission. PLoS Pathog., 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006077"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodrigues, A.M., de Hoog, G.S., and de Camargo, Z.P. (2016). Sporothrix species causing outbreaks in animals and humans driven by animal-animal transmission. PLoS Pathog., 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005638"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"455","article-title":"Esporotricose: A evolu\u00e7\u00e3o e os desafios de uma epidemia","volume":"27","author":"Barros","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev. Panam. 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