{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T06:50:46Z","timestamp":1775026246780,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]],"date-time":"2019-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003758","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico do Maranh\u00e3o","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["03438-16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03438-16"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003758","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["312765\/2016-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312765\/2016-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The difficulties encountered and the numerous side effects present in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis have encouraged the research for new compounds that can complement or replace existing treatment. The growing scientific interest in the study of plants, which are already used in folk remedies, has led our group to test Endlicheria bracteolata essential oil against Leishmania amazonensis. Several species of the Lauraceae family, or their compounds, have relevant antiprotozoal activities Therefore, the biological potential on L. amazonensis forms from the essential oil of Endlicheria bracteolata leaves was verified for the first time in that work. The antileishmanial activity was evaluated against promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes, and cytotoxicity were performed with J774.G8, which were incubated with different concentrations of E. bracteolata essential oil. Transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry were performed with E. bracteolata essential oil IC50. Promastigote forms showed E. bracteolata essential oil IC50 of 7.945 \u00b1 1.285 \u00b5g\/mL (24 h) and 6.186 \u00b1 1.226 \u00b5g\/mL (48 h), while for intracellular amastigote forms it was 3.546 \u00b1 1.184 \u00b5g\/mL (24 h). The CC50 was 15.14 \u00b1 0.090 \u00b5g\/mL showing that E. bracteolata essential oil is less toxic to macrophages than to parasites. Transmission electron microscopy showed that E. bracteolata essential oil treatment is capable of inducing mitochondrial damage to promastigote and intracellular amastigote forms, while flow cytometry showed \u0394\u0470m disruption in treated parasites. These results could bring about new possibilities to develop products based on E. bracteolata essential oil to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis, especially for people who cannot receive the conventional therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24142525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]],"date-time":"2019-07-10T11:56:51Z","timestamp":1562759811000},"page":"2525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Endlicheria bracteolata (Meisn.) Essential Oil as a Weapon Against Leishmania amazonensis: In Vitro Assay"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Mariana Margatto","family":"Rottini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunomodula\u00e7\u00e3o e Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Claudia Fernandes","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Plantas Medicinais e Derivados (PN1), Farmanguinhos, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luiz Pinto","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Plantas Medicinais e Derivados (PN1), Farmanguinhos, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edinilze Souza Coelho","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Cromatografia, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, UFAM, Manaus 69080-900, Amazonas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jefferson Rocha de Andrade","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Cromatografia, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, UFAM, Manaus 69080-900, Amazonas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noemi Nosomi","family":"Taniwaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N\u00facleo de Microscopia Eletr\u00f4nica, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1568-8472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arith Ramos","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Plantas Medicinais e Derivados (PN1), Farmanguinhos, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0047-6159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Almeida-Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunomodula\u00e7\u00e3o e Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil"},{"name":"P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancia Animal, Universidade Estadual do Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65055-310, Maranh\u00e3o, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Celeste da Silva Freitas","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunomodula\u00e7\u00e3o e Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K\u00e1tia da Silva","family":"Calabrese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunomodula\u00e7\u00e3o e Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)10178-2","article-title":"Leishmaniasis","volume":"354","author":"Herwaldt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67629-5","article-title":"Advances in leishmaniasis","volume":"366","author":"Murray","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-011-2555-5","article-title":"Leishmania antimony resistance: what we know what we can learn from the field","volume":"109","author":"Gazanion","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasitol. 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