{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T22:45:10Z","timestamp":1768776310612,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,12]],"date-time":"2019-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The composition of body fluids has become one of the most commonly used methods for diagnosing various diseases or monitoring the drug responses, especially in serum\/plasma. It is therefore vital for investigators to find an appropriate way to collect blood samples from laboratory animals. This study compared blood samples collected from different sites using the NMR based metabolomics approach. Blood samples were collected from the saphenous vein (awake state), tail vein (awake and anesthetized states after administration of sevoflurane or pentobarbital) and the inferior thoracic vena cava (ITVC, anesthetized state). These approaches from the saphenous and tail veins have the potential to enable the collection of multiple samples, and the approach from ITVC is the best method for the collection of blood for the terminate state. The compositions of small molecules in the serum were determined using the 1H-NMR method, and the data were analyzed with traditional correlation analysis, principle component analysis (PCA) and OPLS-DA methods. The results showed that acute anesthesia significantly influenced the composition of serum in a very short period, such as the significant increase in glucose, and decrease in lactate. This indicates that it is better to obtain blood samples under the awake state. From the perspective of animal welfare and multiple sampling, the current study shows that the saphenous vein and tail vein are the best locations to collect multiple blood samples for a reduced risk of injury in the awake state. Furthermore, it is also suitable for investigating pharmacokinetics and the effects of drug intervention on animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24142542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,12]],"date-time":"2019-07-12T11:49:38Z","timestamp":1562932178000},"page":"2542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["NMR Based Metabolomics Comparison of Different Blood Sampling Techniques in Awake and Anesthetized Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Hongying","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huiling","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huili","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Manyande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human and Social Sciences, University of West London, Middlesex TW89GA, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fuqiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.06.027","article-title":"Toxicological effects of Nux Vomica in rats urine and serum by means of clinical chemistry, histopathology and H-1 NMR-based metabonomics approach","volume":"210","author":"Fan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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