{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T18:23:32Z","timestamp":1791656612130,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]],"date-time":"2019-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Rural Development Administration, Korea","award":["PJ008993012013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJ008993012013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we prepared stabilized vitamin A and C nanoemulsions, and investigated their efficacy on milk-specific proteins in bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T). Emulsions of vitamin A (vit-A) and C (vit-C) were prepared using Lipoid S 75 and microfluidization. The particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) of nanoemulsified vit-A and vit-C were studied. The cytotoxic effect of nanoemulsion-free and nanoemulsified vit-A and vit-C was determined by an MTT assay. In addition, the efficacy of nanoemulsified vit-A and vit-C on the in vitro expression pattern of milk-specific proteins in MAC-T cells was investigated by quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed that the efficacies of stabilized nanoemulsions of vit-A and vit-C were 100% and 92.7%, respectively. The particle sizes were around 475.7 and 225.4 nm, and the zeta potentials were around \u221233.5 and \u221221.3 mV, respectively. The expression changes of \u03b1s2-, \u03b2- and \u03ba-casein were higher in the presence of a stabilized nanoemulsion of vit-A, compared with nanoemulsion-free vit-A. Furthermore, the expression changes of \u03b1s2- and \u03b2-casein were lower and that of \u03ba-casein was higher in the presence of a stabilized nanoemulsion of vit-C, compared with nanoemulsion-free vit-C. Thus, our findings demonstrate the efficacy of nanoemulsified vit-A and vit-C in changing the expression of milk-specific proteins in MAC-T cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24142566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]],"date-time":"2019-07-16T02:23:16Z","timestamp":1563243796000},"page":"2566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Preparation of Nanoemulsions of Vitamin A and C by Microfluidization: Efficacy on the Expression Pattern of Milk-Specific Proteins in MAC-T Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Tae-Il","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Chungcheongnam-do, Cheonan 31000, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae-Gyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Hyun","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Chungcheongnam-do, Cheonan 31000, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Bum","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Chungcheongnam-do, Cheonan 31000, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong-Min","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Chungcheongnam-do, Cheonan 31000, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tai-Young","family":"Hur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Chungcheongnam-do, Cheonan 31000, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwang-Seok","family":"Ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Chungcheongnam-do, Cheonan 31000, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eung-Gi","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do 25340, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayakrishnan","family":"Vijayakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Chungcheongnam-do, Cheonan 31000, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-Jun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3841.2009.01457.x","article-title":"Bioavailability and delivery of nutraceuticals using nanotechnology","volume":"75","author":"Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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