{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T10:55:33Z","timestamp":1761562533968,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,24]],"date-time":"2019-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003977","name":"Israel Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["902\/18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["902\/18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In arterial thrombosis, von Willebrand factor (VWF) bridges platelets to sites of vascular injury. The adhesive properties of VWF are controlled by its different domains, which may be engineered into ligands for targeting nanoparticles to vascular injuries. Here, we functionalized 200 nm polystyrene nanoparticles with the VWF-A1 domain and studied their spatial adhesion to collagen or collagen-VWF coated, real-sized coronary stenosis models under physiological flow. When VWF-A1 nano-particles (A1-NPs) were perfused through a 75% stenosis model coated with collagen-VWF, the particles preferentially adhered at the post stenotic region relative to the pre-stenosis region while much less adhesion was detected at the stenosis neck (~ 65-fold less). When infused through collagen-coated models or when the A1 coating density of nanoparticles was reduced by 100-fold, the enhanced adhesion at the post-stenotic site was abolished. In a 60% stenosis model, the adhesion of A1-NPs to collagen-VWF-coated models depended on the location examined within the stenosis. Altogether, our results indicate that VWF-A1 NPs exhibit a flow-structure dependent adhesion to VWF and illustrate the important role of studying cardiovascular nano-medicines in settings that closely model the size, geometry, and hemodynamics of pathological environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24152679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,24]],"date-time":"2019-07-24T10:48:19Z","timestamp":1563965299000},"page":"2679","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Flow Dependent Adhesion of von Willebrand Factor (VWF)-A1 Functionalized Nanoparticles in an in Vitro Coronary Stenosis Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yathreb","family":"Asaad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Epshtein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Yee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7244-889X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Netanel","family":"Korin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000659","article-title":"Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: 2019 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association","volume":"139","author":"Benjamin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2001","article-title":"The immune system in atherosclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Hansson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. 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