{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T22:06:12Z","timestamp":1790201172906,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]],"date-time":"2019-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005643","name":"Uniwersytet \u0141\u00f3dzki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B1811000000036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B1811000000036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005643","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the numerous studies on dendrimers for biomedical applications, the antibacterial activity of anionic phosphorus dendrimers has not been explored. In our research, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of modified polycationic and polyanionic dendrimers in combination with levofloxacin (LVFX) against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Proteus hauseri ATCC 15442) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538) bacteria. In the case of Gram-negative bacteria, we concluded that a combination of dendrimers and antibiotic gave satisfactory results due to a synergistic effect. The use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics, such as LVFX, not only caused resistance in disease-causing microorganisms but also increased environmental pollution. Therefore, reduction of drug dosage is of general interest.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24162894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]],"date-time":"2019-08-09T11:11:31Z","timestamp":1565349091000},"page":"2894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Synergistic Effects of Anionic\/Cationic Dendrimers and Levofloxacin on Antibacterial Activities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Natalia","family":"Wro\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12\/16 Banacha Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Pierre","family":"Majoral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4611-8963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dietmar","family":"Appelhans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Stra\u00dfe 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Bryszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141\/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Lisowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12\/16 Banacha Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.09.070","article-title":"Plasmis pORFhTRail and doxorubicin co-delivery targeting to tumor using peptide-conjugated polyamidoamine dendrimer","volume":"32","author":"Han","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.2174\/187152711796235023","article-title":"Dendrimers as novel systems for delivery of neuropharmaceuticals to the brain","volume":"10","author":"Beg","year":"2011","journal-title":"CNS Neurol. 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