{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T01:25:05Z","timestamp":1789781105163,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]],"date-time":"2019-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effect of the counteranion of hexadecyltrimethylammonium salts on the physico-chemical properties of organoclays was investigated, using a selected natural clay mineral with a cation exchange capacity of 95 meq\/100 g. The uptake amount of C16 cations was dependent on the hexadecyltrimethylammonium (C16) salt solution used, the organoclay prepared from C16Br salt solution exhibited a value of 1. 05 mmole\/g higher than those prepared from C16Cl and C16OH salt solutions. The basal spacing of these organoclays was in the range of 1.81 nm to 2.10 nm, indicating a similar orientation of the intercalated surfactants, and could indicated that the excess amount of surfactants, above the cation exchange capacity of 0.95 meq\/g could be adsorbed on the external surface of the clay mineral sheets. These organoclays were found to be stable in neutral, acidic, and basic media. The thermal stability of these organoclays was carried out using thermogravimetric analysis and in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The decomposition of the surfactant occurred at a maximum temperature of 240 \u00b0C, accompanied with a decrease of the basal spacing value close to 1.42 nm. The application of these organoclays was investigated to remove an acidic dye, eosin. The removal amount was related to the initial used concentrations, the amount of the surfactants contents, and to the preheated temperatures of the organoclays. The removal was found to be endothermic process with a maximum amount of 55 mg of eosin\/g of organoclay. The value decreased to 25 mg\/g, when the intercalated surfactants were decomposed. The reuse of these organoclays was limited to four regeneration recycles with a reduction of 20 to 30%. However, noticeable reduction between 35% to 50% of the initial efficiency, was achieved after the fifth cycle, depending of the used organoclays.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24163015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,21]],"date-time":"2019-08-21T11:19:06Z","timestamp":1566386346000},"page":"3015","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Eosin Removal by Cetyl Trimethylammonium-Cloisites: Influence of the Surfactant Solution Type and Regeneration Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4452-5426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fethi","family":"Kooli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Al-Mahd Branch Community College, Taibah University, Al-Mahd 42112, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Souad","family":"Rakass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30002, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah 41147, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1447-2741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mostafa","family":"Abboudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30002, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah 41147, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hicham","family":"Oudghiri Hassani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic and Molecular Materials, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, P.O. Box 1796 (Atlas), Fez 30000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3995-8940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheikh","family":"Muhammad Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah 42351, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahd","family":"Al Wadaani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30002, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah 41147, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rawan","family":"Al-Faze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30002, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah 41147, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1669","article-title":"The Role of water resources in socio-economic development","volume":"5","author":"Goswami","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Res. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"181","article-title":"Freshwater under pressure","volume":"6","author":"Somlyody","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Environ. Strateg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1477-8947.2006.00118.x","article-title":"Water and economic development: The role of interannual variability and a framework for resilience","volume":"30","author":"Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Resour. 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