{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:57:27Z","timestamp":1787029047028,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]],"date-time":"2019-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fangchinoline (FCN) derived from Stephaniae tetrandrine S. Moore can be employed to treat fever, inflammation, rheumatism arthralgia, edema, dysuria, athlete\u2019s foot, and swollen wet sores. FCN can exhibit a plethora of anti-neoplastic effects although its precise mode of action still remains to be deciphered. Nuclear factor-\u03baB (NF-\u03baB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) can closely regulate carcinogenesis and thus we analyzed the possible action of FCN may have on these two signaling cascades in tumor cells. The effect of FCN on NF-\u03baB and AP-1 signaling cascades and its downstream functions was deciphered using diverse assays in both human chronic myeloid leukemia (KBM5) and multiple myeloma (U266). FCN attenuated growth of both leukemic and multiple myeloma cells and repressed NF-\u03baB, and AP-1 activation through diverse mechanisms, including attenuation of phosphorylation of I\u03baB kinase (IKK) and p65. Furthermore, FCN could also cause significant enhancement in TNF\u03b1-driven apoptosis as studied by various molecular techniques. Thus, FCN may exhibit potent anti-neoplastic effects by affecting diverse oncogenic pathways and may be employed as pro-apoptotic agent against various malignancies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24173127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]],"date-time":"2019-08-28T11:23:18Z","timestamp":1566991398000},"page":"3127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Fangchinoline, a Bisbenzylisoquinoline Alkaloid can Modulate Cytokine-Impelled Apoptosis via the Dual Regulation of NF-\u03baB and AP-1 Pathways"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Young Yun","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muthu K.","family":"Shanmugam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arunachalam","family":"Chinnathambi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sulaiman Ali","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar H.M.","family":"Shair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Young","family":"Um","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gautam","family":"Sethi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2882-0612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwang Seok","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698190","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/698190","article-title":"Natural bioactives and phytochemicals serve in cancer treatment and prevention","volume":"2013","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evid. 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