{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T22:46:22Z","timestamp":1781822782107,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]],"date-time":"2019-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003758","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico do Maranh\u00e3o","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Universal - 00532\/15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Universal - 00532\/15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003758","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pain is recognized as one of the main symptoms in knee osteoarthritis and is the main reason why patients seek medical attention. Scoparia dulcis has been popularly used to relieve discomfort caused by various painful conditions. The objective of the study is to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect of the crude extract of S. dulcis, in an experimental model of osteoarthritis. The experiment was performed with Wistar rats divided into 4 groups with 5 animals each: healthy, saline, crude extract, and meloxicam groups. Knee osteoarthritis was induced by intra-articular injection of sodium mono-iodoacetate. First, clinical parameters of pain were assessed at days 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 after induction. Second, the potential cyclooxygenase inhibition was evaluated, and the cytokines of the synovial fluid were quantified. An in silico test and Molecular Docking tests were performed. A histopathological evaluation was made on articular cartilage with safranin O staining. The results showed that a 15-day treatment with crude extract reduced edema, spontaneous pain, peripheral nociceptive activity, and proinflammatory cytokines in the synovial fluid. The highest inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 in the crude extract occurred at 50 \u00b5g\/mL. The crude extract of S. dulcis presents therapeutic potential for the treatment of osteoarthritis due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive action.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24193474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]],"date-time":"2019-09-26T03:06:51Z","timestamp":1569467211000},"page":"3474","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Therapeutic Use of Scoparia dulcis Reduces the Progression of Experimental Osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9556-4524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus Vin\u00edcius Vi\u00e9gas","family":"Lima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas e da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal do Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, Brazil"},{"name":"Universidade Ceuma, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abner de Oliveira","family":"Freire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas e da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal do Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emerson Lucas Fraz\u00e3o","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas e da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal do Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 Alvares Marques","family":"Vale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas e da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal do Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, 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Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyl Eanes Barros","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas e da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal do Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, Brazil"},{"name":"Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Presidente Dutra, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65020-070, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3578-1869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cla\u00fadia Quintino da","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal do Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8130-4836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando C\u00e9sar Vilhena","family":"Moreira Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade Santa Terezinha, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65045-180, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria do Socorro de Sousa","family":"Cart\u00e1genes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas e da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal do Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3597-6471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Batista Santos","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas e da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal do Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71086-2","article-title":"Pathogenesis and management of pain in 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