{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T15:29:14Z","timestamp":1783351754278,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,13]],"date-time":"2019-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004396","name":"Thailand Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PHD58I0017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PHD58I0017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004396","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Combinations of IL-1\u03b2 and other proinflammatory cytokines reportedly promote the severity of arthritis. We aimed to investigate the effects of IL-1\u03b2 combined with IL-17A on cartilage degradation and synthesis in in vitro models. Cartilage explant degradation was determined using sulfated glycosaminoglycans (S-GAGs) levels, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP13) gene expression, uronic acid, and collagen contents. Cell morphology and accumulation of proteoglycans were evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin and safranin O staining, respectively. In the pellet culture model, expressions of cartilage-specific anabolic and catabolic genes were evaluated using real-time qRT-PCR. Early induction of MMP13 gene expression was found concomitantly with significant S-GAGs release. During the prolonged period, S-GAGs release was significantly elevated, while MMP-13 enzyme levels were persistently increased together with the reduction of the cartilaginous matrix molecules. The pellet culture showed anabolic gene downregulation, while expression of the proinflammatory cytokines, mediators, and MMP13 genes were elevated. After cytokine removal, these effects were restored to nearly basal levels. This study provides evidence that IL-1\u03b2 combined with IL-17A promoted chronic inflammatory arthritis by activating the catabolic processes accompanied with the suppression of cartilage anabolism. These suggest that further applications, which suppress inflammatory enhancers, especially IL-17A, should be considered as a target for arthritis research and therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24203682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]],"date-time":"2019-10-14T03:54:13Z","timestamp":1571025253000},"page":"3682","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Proinflammatory Effects of IL-1\u03b2 Combined with IL-17A Promoted Cartilage Degradation and Suppressed Genes Associated with Cartilage Matrix Synthesis In Vitro"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4075-0362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patiwat","family":"Kongdang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Inthawarorot Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chatchadawalai","family":"Chokchaitaweesuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Inthawarorot Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0947-992X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siriwan","family":"Tangyuenyong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Clinic, Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3472-5128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siriwan","family":"Ongchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Inthawarorot Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2016.02.010","article-title":"Understanding the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"455","author":"Mateen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. 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