{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:33:12Z","timestamp":1791999192273,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":184,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,17]],"date-time":"2019-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Phosphorus-containing flame retardants synthesized from renewable resources have had a lot of impact in recent years. This article outlines the synthesis, characterization and evaluation of these compounds in polyesters and epoxy resins. The different approaches used in producing biobased flame retardant polyesters and epoxy resins are reported. While for the polyesters biomass derived compounds usually are phosphorylated and melt blended with the polymer, biobased flame retardants for epoxy resins are directly incorporated into the polymer structure by a using a phosphorylated biobased monomer or curing agent. Evaluating the efficiency of the flame retardant composites is done by discussing results obtained from UL94 vertical burning, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimetry tests. The review ends with an outlook on future development trends of biobased flame retardant systems for polyesters and epoxy resins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24203746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,17]],"date-time":"2019-10-17T11:07:59Z","timestamp":1571310479000},"page":"3746","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Phosphorus-Containing Flame Retardants from Biobased Chemicals and Their Application in Polyesters and Epoxy Resins"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jacob","family":"Sag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Goedderz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany"},{"name":"Ernst-Berl Institute for Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular Science, Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Kukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Greiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Sch\u00f6nberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7006-9009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manfred","family":"D\u00f6ring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1351\/PAC-REC-10-12-04","article-title":"Terminology for biorelated polymers and applications (IUPAC Recommendations 2012)","volume":"84","author":"Vert","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pure Appl. 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