{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T15:38:45Z","timestamp":1790177925824,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Iuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania","award":["1526\/39\/18.01.2019 PCD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1526\/39\/18.01.2019 PCD"]}]},{"name":"The Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CCCDI-UEFISCDI","award":["PN-III-P3-3.1-PM-RO-MD-2016-0058 project number 28 BM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PN-III-P3-3.1-PM-RO-MD-2016-0058 project number 28 BM"]}]},{"name":"Romanian the Ministry of Research and Innovation, through the Core Program (Program Nucleu)","award":["PN  19 35 02 01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PN  19 35 02 01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In an effort to improve the antimicrobial activity of norfloxacin, a series of hybrid norfloxacin\u2013thiazolidinedione molecules were synthesized and screened for their direct antimicrobial activity and their anti-biofilm properties. The new hybrids were intended to have a new binding mode to DNA gyrase, that will allow for a more potent antibacterial effect, and for activity against current quinolone-resistant bacterial strains. Moreover, the thiazolidinedione moiety aimed to include additional anti-pathogenicity by preventing biofilm formation. The resulting compounds showed promising direct activity against Gram-negative strains, and anti-biofilm activity against Gram-positive strains. Docking studies and ADMET were also used in order to explain the biological properties and revealed some potential advantages over the parent molecule norfloxacin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24213959","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T12:30:50Z","timestamp":1572611450000},"page":"3959","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Piperazin-4-yl-(acetyl-thiazolidine-2,4-dione) Norfloxacin Analogues as Antimicrobial Agents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9397-0388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Marc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8621-8662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u0103t\u0103lin","family":"Araniciu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0297-7697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Smaranda Dafina","family":"Oniga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0664-3387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurian","family":"Vlase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"P\u00eern\u0103u","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2363-4041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George Cosmin","family":"Nad\u0103\u0219","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 M\u0103n\u0103\u0219tur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3900-1433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiana \u0218tefania","family":"Novac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 M\u0103n\u0103\u0219tur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7495-1392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioana Adriana","family":"Matei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 M\u0103n\u0103\u0219tur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6098-1857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana Carmen","family":"Chifiriuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 1-3 Portocalelor Street, 60101 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, 91-95 Independentei Street, 050095 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lumini\u021ba","family":"M\u0103ru\u021bescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 1-3 Portocalelor Street, 60101 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, 91-95 Independentei Street, 050095 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ovidiu","family":"Oniga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Patrick, G. 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