{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T15:03:07Z","timestamp":1778425387093,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]],"date-time":"2019-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Russian Science Foundation","award":["15-16-00008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15-16-00008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article presents the original descriptions of some recent physics mechanisms (based on the thermodynamic, kinetic, and quantum tunnel effects) providing stable 2H\/1H isotope fractionation, leading to the accumulation of particular isotopic forms in intra- or intercellular space, including the molecular effects of deuterium interaction with 18O\/17O\/16O, 15N\/14N, 13C\/12C, and other stable biogenic isotopes. These effects were observed mainly at the organelle (mitochondria) and cell levels. A new hypothesis for heavy nonradioactive isotope fractionation in living systems via neutron effect realization is discussed. The comparative analysis of some experimental studies results revealed the following observation: \u201cIsotopic shock\u201d is highly probable and is observed mostly when chemical bonds form between atoms with a summary odd number of neutrons (i.e., bonds with a non-compensated neutron, which correspond to the following equation: Nn \u2212 Np = 2k + 1, where k \u03f5 Z, k is the integer, Z is the set of non-negative integers, Nn is number of neutrons, and Np is number of protons of each individual atom, or in pair of isotopes with a chemical bond). Data on the efficacy and metabolic pathways of the therapy also considered 2H-modified drinking and diet for some diseases, such as Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Friedreich\u2019s ataxia, mitochondrial disorders, diabetes, cerebral hypoxia, Parkinson\u2019s disease, and brain cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24224101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]],"date-time":"2019-11-14T10:56:34Z","timestamp":1573728994000},"page":"4101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Possible Mechanisms of Biological Effects Observed in Living Systems during 2H\/1H Isotope Fractionation and Deuterium Interactions with Other Biogenic Isotopes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2262-4549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Basov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fundamental and Clinical Biochemistry, Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar 350063, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Radiophysics and Nanotechnology, Kuban State University, Krasnodar 350040, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3573-930X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liliya","family":"Fedulova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 109316, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Vasilevskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 109316, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2618-5376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stepan","family":"Dzhimak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiophysics and Nanotechnology, Kuban State University, Krasnodar 350040, Russia"},{"name":"The V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 109316, Russia"},{"name":"Federal Research Center the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don 344006, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1080\/10256016.2015.1014355","article-title":"Multi-factorial in vivo stable isotope fractionation: Causes, correlations, consequences and applications","volume":"51","author":"Schmidt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Isot. Environ. Health Stud."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Basov, A.A., Fedulova, L.V., Baryshev, M.G., and Dzhimak, S.S. (2019). Deuterium-depleted water influence on the isotope 2H\/1H regulation in body and individual adaptation. 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