{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T02:54:15Z","timestamp":1791082455722,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,23]],"date-time":"2019-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-14-CE06-0025-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-14-CE06-0025-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fractionation of lignocellulose is a fundamental step in the valorization of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin to produce various sustainable fuels and chemicals. Mineral acid fractionation is one of the most applied process and leads to the solubilization and hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicelluloses, whereas most of the lignin remains insoluble and can be separated from the extract. The obtained monomeric sugars in the acid extract are in solution with salts, sugar degradation products, and phenolic molecules. Downstream processing is required to purify the sugars and further valorize them into fuels or chemicals with the use of chemical or biochemical reactions. This purification step also allows the recycling of the mineral acid and the valorization of the sugar degradation products and the co-extracted phenolic molecules, adding value to the whole biorefinery scheme. Many purification techniques have been studied, providing several options in terms of yields, purities, and cost of the process. This review presents the conditions used for the mineral acid fractionation step and a wide variety of purification techniques applied on the obtained hydrolysate, with a focus on the associated yields and purities. Values from the literature are expressed in a standard way in order to simplify comparison between the different processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24234273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]],"date-time":"2019-11-25T03:10:00Z","timestamp":1574651400000},"page":"4273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Lignocellulosic Biomass Fractionation by Mineral Acids and Resulting Extract Purification Processes: Conditions, Yields, and Purities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5778-1168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Oriez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle (LCA), Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, 4 all\u00e9e Emile Monso, 31030 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Peydecastaing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle (LCA), Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, 4 all\u00e9e Emile Monso, 31030 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3432-6768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre-Yves","family":"Pontalier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle (LCA), Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, 4 all\u00e9e Emile Monso, 31030 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2007.12.011","article-title":"A review of separation technologies in current and future biorefineries","volume":"62","author":"Huang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2009.10.097","article-title":"Production of bioethanol from sugarcane bagasse: Status and perspectives","volume":"101","author":"Cardona","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2007.11.013","article-title":"Trends in biotechnological production of fuel ethanol from different feedstocks","volume":"99","author":"Cardona","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2008.04.017","article-title":"An examination of biorefining processes, catalysts and challenges","volume":"145","author":"Hayes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2009.11.093","article-title":"Pretreatment technologies for an efficient bioethanol production process based on enzymatic hydrolysis: A review","volume":"101","author":"Alvira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Werpy, T., Petersen, G., Aden, A., Bozell, J., Holladay, J., White, J., Manheim, A., Eliot, D., Lasure, L., and Jones, S. (2004). Top Value Added Chemicals From Biomass. Volume I\u2014Results of Screening for Potential Candidates From Sugars and Synthesis Gas.","DOI":"10.2172\/15008859"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1114736","article-title":"The path forward for biofuels and biomaterials","volume":"311","author":"Ragauskas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"163","article-title":"Agro-industrial lignocellulosic biomass a key to unlock the future bio-energy: A brief review","volume":"7","author":"Anwar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Radiat. Res. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246843","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1246843","article-title":"Lignin valorization: Improving lignin processing in the biorefinery","volume":"344","author":"Ragauskas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3366","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201500282","article-title":"Current pretreatment technologies for the development of cellulosic ethanol and biorefineries","volume":"8","author":"Silveira","year":"2015","journal-title":"ChemSusChem"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.09.078","article-title":"Is biomass fractionation by Organosolv-like processes economically viable? A conceptual design study","volume":"150","author":"Viell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1002\/bbb.303","article-title":"Techno-economic analysis of a lignocellulosic ethanol biorefinery with ionic liquid pre-treatment","volume":"5","author":"Simmons","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biofuelsbioproducts Biorefining"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4043","DOI":"10.1039\/C8GC01763H","article-title":"Biorefinery approach for lignocellulosic biomass valorisation with an acidic ionic liquid","volume":"20","author":"Lins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Avignon, G., and Delmas, M. (2019, November 01). Method for Producing Paper Pulp, Lignins, Sugars and Acetic Acid by Fractionation of Lignocellulosic Vegetable Material in Formic\/Acetic Acid Medium 2000. Available online: https:\/\/patentimages.storage.googleapis.com\/56\/5c\/29\/a999e754e0ddcd\/WO2000068494A1.pdf."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2010.10.022","article-title":"Value-adding to cellulosic ethanol: Lignin polymers","volume":"33","author":"Doherty","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ind. Crop. Prod."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3895","DOI":"10.1021\/bm2008179","article-title":"Structural analysis of Alfa Grass (Stipa tenacissima L.) lignin obtained by acetic acid\/formic acid delignification","volume":"12","author":"Abdelkafi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.3242","article-title":"Analytical methodologies for quantification of ferulic acid and its oligomers","volume":"88","author":"Barberousse","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2012.03.007","article-title":"Saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel and biorefinery applications \u2013 a renaissance for the concentrated acid hydrolysis?","volume":"20","author":"Moe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Energy Procedia"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Humbrid, D., Davis, R., Tao, L., Kinchin, C., Hsu, D., Aden, A., Schoen, P., Lukas, J., Olthof, B., and Worley, M. (2011). Process Design and Economics for Biochemical Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol: Dilute-Acid Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Corn Stover.","DOI":"10.2172\/1013269"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Clausen, E.C., and Gaddy, J.L. (2019, November 01). Concentrated Sulfuric Acid Process for Converting Lignocellulosic Materials to Sugars 1993. Available online: https:\/\/patentimages.storage.googleapis.com\/82\/98\/bb\/f47b60240f922c\/US5188673.pdf."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Harmsen, P.F.H., Huijen, W.J.J., Berm\u00fadez L\u00f3pez, L.M., and Bakker, R.R.C. (2010). Literature Review of Physical and Chemical Pretreatment Processes for Lignocellulosic Biomass, Wageningen University."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2005.04.006","article-title":"Dilute acid pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification and fermentation of wheat straw to ethanol","volume":"40","author":"Saha","year":"2005","journal-title":"Process Biochem."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Sluiter, A., Hames, B., Ruiz, R., Scarlata, C., Sluiter, J., Templeton, D., and Crocker, D. (2008). Determination of Structural Carbohydrates and Lignin in Biomass."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-6690(01)00112-1","article-title":"Ester and ether linkages between hydroxycinnamic acids and lignins from wheat, rice, rye, and barley straws, maize stems, and fast-growing poplar wood","volume":"15","author":"Sun","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ind. Crop. Prod."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.1021\/ma00142a022","article-title":"Associative interactions between Kraft lignin components","volume":"17","author":"Sarkanen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2015.10.009","article-title":"Pretreatment of lignocellulose: Formation of inhibitory by-products and strategies for minimizing their effects","volume":"199","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4085","DOI":"10.15376\/biores.7.3.4085-4097","article-title":"Degradation kinetics of monosaccharides in hydrochloric, sulfuric, and sulfurous acid","volume":"7","author":"Shi","year":"2012","journal-title":"BioResources"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1754-6834-6-31","article-title":"Single-step ethanol production from lignocellulose using novel extremely thermophilic bacteria","volume":"6","author":"Svetlitchnyi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biotechnol Biofuels"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-9290.2011.00354.x","article-title":"Environmental life cycle assessment of a Swedish dissolving pulp mill integrated biorefinery","volume":"15","author":"Hospido","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Ind. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Kanchanalai, P. (2015). New Dehydration and Pretreatment Process for Ethanol Production from Biomass. [Dissertation, Georgia Institute of Technology]."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2004.06.025","article-title":"Features of promising technologies for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass","volume":"96","author":"Mosier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0260-8774(02)00106-1","article-title":"Kinetic study of the acid hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse","volume":"55","author":"Aguilar","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Food Eng."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1385\/ABAB:104:1:51","article-title":"Modeling of the hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse with hydrochloric acid","volume":"104","author":"Bustos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0260-8774(03)00080-3","article-title":"Hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse using nitric acid: A kinetic assessment","volume":"61","author":"Garrote","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Food Eng."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2005.02.005","article-title":"Study of the hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse using phosphoric acid","volume":"74","author":"Garrote","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Food Eng."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2011.09.066","article-title":"Dilute acid pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification of sugarcane tops for bioethanol production","volume":"102","author":"Sindhu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0961-9534(02)00066-1","article-title":"The acid hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse hemicellulose to produce xylose, arabinose, glucose and other products","volume":"23","author":"Lavarack","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biomass Bioenergy"},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Goldstein, I.S., Pereira, H., Pittman, J.L., Strouse, B.A., and Scaringelli, F.P. (1983). Hydrolysis of cellulose with super concentrated hydrochloric acid. Biotechnol. Bioeng. Symp. (U. S.), 13."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.36.1.43-46.1978","article-title":"Sugar level, fermentability, and acceptability of straw treated with different acids","volume":"36","author":"Israilides","year":"1978","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"30","article-title":"Optimization of dilute acid pretreatment of water hyacinth biomass for enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol production","volume":"12","author":"Idrees","year":"2013","journal-title":"Excli J"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, Y.Y., Iyer, P., and Torget, R.W. (1999). Dilute-acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. Recent Progress in Bioconversion of Lignocellulosics, Springer. Advances in Biochemical Engineering\/Biotechnology.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-49194-5_5"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-013-0167-8","article-title":"An overview of key pretreatment processes employed for bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels and value added products","volume":"3","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"2013","journal-title":"3 Biotech"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201402503","article-title":"Catalytic oxidation of biorefinery lignin to value-added chemicals to support sustainable biofuel production","volume":"8","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"ChemSusChem"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2012.11.094","article-title":"A kinetic study of acid catalysed hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse to levulinic acid","volume":"217","author":"Girisuta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"499","article-title":"Acid-based hydrolysis processes for ethanol from lignocellulosic materials: A review","volume":"472","author":"Taherzadeh","year":"2007","journal-title":"BioResources"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.1676","article-title":"Increased tolerance and conversion of inhibitors in lignocellulosic hydrolysates by Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"82","author":"Almeida","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02920229","article-title":"Pretreatment-catalyst effects and the combined severity parameter","volume":"24","author":"Chum","year":"1990","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2015.01.116","article-title":"Sequential dilute acid and alkali pretreatment of corn stover: Sugar recovery efficiency and structural characterization","volume":"182","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2008.05.008","article-title":"Bio-hydrogen production from the fermentation of sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate by Clostridium butyricum","volume":"33","author":"Pattra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrog. Energy"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2003.10.005","article-title":"Alternatives for detoxification of diluted-acid lignocellulosic hydrolyzates for use in fermentative processes: A review","volume":"93","author":"Mussatto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1021\/bp049564n","article-title":"Dilute acid pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification, and fermentation of rice hulls to ethanol","volume":"21","author":"Saha","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biotechnol Prog."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2004.12.022","article-title":"Dilute acid pretreatment of rye straw and bermudagrass for ethanol production","volume":"96","author":"Sun","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2013.12.099","article-title":"Evaluation of dilute acid pretreatment on cashew apple bagasse for ethanol and xylitol production","volume":"243","author":"Rocha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/0926-6690(95)00025-8","article-title":"Influence of alkaline pre-treatments on the cell wall components of wheat straw","volume":"4","author":"Sun","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ind. Crop. Prod."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1295\/polymj.30.289","article-title":"Physico-chemical and thermal characterization of alkali-soluble lignins from wheat straw","volume":"30","author":"Sun","year":"1998","journal-title":"Polym J"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/1754-6834-6-102","article-title":"Unraveling the structure of sugarcane bagasse after soaking in concentrated aqueous ammonia (SCAA) and ethanol production by Scheffersomyces (Pichia) stipitis","volume":"6","author":"Chandel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Biofuels"},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"Fitzpatrick, S.W. (2019, November 01). Lignocellulose Degradation to Furfural and Levulinic Acid 1990. Available online: https:\/\/patentimages.storage.googleapis.com\/71\/6f\/25\/bd0134fcae464a\/US4897497.pdf."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Fitzpatrick, S.W. (2019, November 01). Production of Levulinic Acid from Carbohydrate-Containing Materials 1997. Available online: https:\/\/patentimages.storage.googleapis.com\/b7\/56\/9b\/36a230b4cdeb60\/US5608105.pdf."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1007\/s10295-010-0931-2","article-title":"A study on the pretreatment of a sugarcane bagasse sample with dilute sulfuric acid","volume":"38","author":"Canilha","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2011.01.023","article-title":"Low temperature alkali pretreatment for improving enzymatic digestibility of sweet sorghum bagasse for ethanol production","volume":"102","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2012.05.107","article-title":"Corn stover saccharification with concentrated sulfuric acid: Effects of saccharification conditions on sugar recovery and by-product generation","volume":"119","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bej.2007.07.012","article-title":"Sugarcane bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysate for ethanol production by acid recovery process","volume":"38","author":"Cheng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"van Groenestijn, J., Hazewinkel, O., and Bakker, R. (2006). Pretreatment of lignocellulose with biological acid recycling (Biosulfurol process). Sugar Ind., 639\u2013641."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1218930","article-title":"Valorization of biomass: Deriving more value from waste","volume":"337","author":"Tuck","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"Farone, W.A., and Cuzens, J.E. (2019, November 01). Method of Producing Sugars Using Strong Acid Hydrolysis of Cellulosic and Hemicellulosic Materials 1993. Available online: https:\/\/patentimages.storage.googleapis.com\/1a\/85\/31\/da3874d969b337\/US5562777.pdf."},{"key":"ref_66","unstructured":"Farone, W.A., and Cuzens, J.E. (2019, November 01). Strong Acid Hydrolysis of Cellulosic and Hemicellulosic Materials 1997. Available online: https:\/\/patentimages.storage.googleapis.com\/3a\/cb\/1f\/99b277398627bf\/US5597714.pdf."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2011.09.071","article-title":"Production of fuel ethanol from bamboo by concentrated sulfuric acid hydrolysis followed by continuous ethanol fermentation","volume":"102","author":"Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2004.04.015","article-title":"Evaluation of the detoxification of brewery\u2019s spent grain hydrolysate for xylitol production by Debaryomyces hansenii CCMI 941","volume":"40","author":"Carvalheiro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Process Biochem."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6132","DOI":"10.1021\/ie0201056","article-title":"Removal of fermentation inhibitors formed during pretreatment of biomass by polymeric adsorbents","volume":"41","author":"Weil","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1385\/ABAB:130:1:599","article-title":"Optimal conditions for alkaline detoxification of dilute-acid lignocellulose hydrolysates","volume":"130","author":"Alriksson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Biotech."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2016.04.030","article-title":"Purification of pentoses from hemicellulosic hydrolysates with sulfuric acid recovery by using electrodialysis","volume":"166","author":"Lemaire","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2006.07.047","article-title":"Detoxification of sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate improves ethanol production by Candida shehatae NCIM 3501","volume":"98","author":"Chandel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2013.04.046","article-title":"Detoxification of hemicellulosic hydrolyzate from olive tree pruning residue","volume":"49","author":"Mateo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ind. Crop. Prod."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00270801","article-title":"Comparative fermentability of enzymatic and acid hydrolysates of steam-pretreated aspenwood hemicellulose by Pichia stipitis CBS 5776","volume":"31","author":"Wilson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2005.10.032","article-title":"Detoxification procedures of eucalyptus hemicellulose hydrolysate for xylitol production by Candida guilliermondii","volume":"40","author":"Villarreal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Enzym. Microb. Technol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s004490050285","article-title":"Study of charcoal adsorption for improving the production of xylitol from wood hydrolysates","volume":"16","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bioprocess Eng."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-8524(96)00066-1","article-title":"Charcoal adsorption of wood hydrolysates for improving their fermentability: Influence of the operational conditions","volume":"57","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2011.02.010","article-title":"Recovery, concentration and purification of phenolic compounds by adsorption: A review","volume":"105","author":"Soto","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Food Eng."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2011.02.107","article-title":"Adsorptive removal of fermentation inhibitors from concentrated acid hydrolyzates of lignocellulosic biomass","volume":"102","author":"Sainio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1385\/ABAB:91-93:1-9:35","article-title":"Detoxification of lignocellulose hydrolysates with ion-exchange resins","volume":"91\u201393","author":"Nilvebrant","year":"2001","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.15376\/biores.5.4.2337-2347","article-title":"Removal of acid-soluble lignin from biomass extracts using Amberlite XAD-4 resin","volume":"5","author":"Schwartz","year":"2010","journal-title":"BioResources"},{"key":"ref_82","unstructured":"Ladisch, M.R. (2001). Bioseparations Engineering: Principles, Practice, and Economics, Wiley."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.690220209","article-title":"Adsorption and desorption of particles and their chromatographic separation","volume":"22","author":"Ruckenstein","year":"1976","journal-title":"Aiche J."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6160","DOI":"10.1039\/C6GC01389A","article-title":"Pre-treatment and extraction techniques for recovery of added value compounds from wastes throughout the agri-food chain","volume":"18","author":"Arshadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2907","DOI":"10.1021\/ie901598z","article-title":"Chromatographic recovery of monosaccharides for the production of bioethanol from wood","volume":"49","author":"Heinonen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.3816","article-title":"Modelling and performance evaluation of chromatographic monosaccharide recovery from concentrated acid lignocellulosic hydrolysates","volume":"87","author":"Heinonen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3699","DOI":"10.1021\/ie9800896","article-title":"A nine-zone simulating moving bed for the recovery of glucose and xylose from biomass hydrolyzate","volume":"37","author":"Wooley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6816","DOI":"10.1021\/ie049079x","article-title":"Comparison of two adsorbents for sugar recovery from biomass hydrolyzate","volume":"44","author":"Xie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1021\/je900433g","article-title":"Adsorption behavior of glucose, xylose, and arabinose on five different cation exchange resins","volume":"55","author":"Lei","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Chem. Eng. Data"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2017.12.030","article-title":"Chromatographic separation of glucose, xylose and arabinose from lignocellulosic hydrolysates using cation exchange resin","volume":"195","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2007.11.061","article-title":"Cost estimates of kraft lignin recovery by ultrafiltration","volume":"237","author":"Wallberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2016.10.042","article-title":"Purification of pentoses from hemicellulosic hydrolysates without neutralization for sulfuric acid recovery","volume":"174","author":"Blanc","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2009.11.090","article-title":"Separation of furans and carboxylic acids from sugars in dilute acid rice straw hydrolyzates by nanofiltration","volume":"101","author":"Weng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2009.03.030","article-title":"Separation of acetic acid from xylose by nanofiltration","volume":"67","author":"Weng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/24\/23\/4273\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:36:59Z","timestamp":1760189819000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/24\/23\/4273"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,23]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules24234273"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules24234273","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,23]]}}}