{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T02:34:24Z","timestamp":1790390064542,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]],"date-time":"2019-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Phytophthora capsici Leonian causes destructive economical losses in pepper production, and a promising source of natural fungicides- Helianthus tuberosus leaves was reported. The antifungal activities of different extracts and compounds from H. tuberosus leaves against the phytopathogen, P. capsici Leonian, were examined by chemometric analysis, including HPLC-MS\/MS and multivariate data analyses. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminate analysis were applied to examine the four groups of H. tuberosus leaves samples, including crude extracts obtained by different methods, including refluxing, macerating, and refluxing under vacuum; four fractions, namely, petroleum ether (PE), chloroform (Chl), ethyl acetate (EA), and n-butanol (NB) fractions; the samples of three H. tuberosus cultivars; and the samples at three growth stages of cultivar Nan Yu. The phenolics contents were categorized based on 3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5-DiCQA), 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (1,5-DiCQA), 3-O-Caffeoylquinic acid (3-CQA), and 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (4,5-DiCQA), which were predominant in all the samples. Antifungal activity assay revealed that Chl and NB fractions were more active against P. capsici Leonian with lower IC50(half of maximal inhibitory concentration) values, whereas partial least squares-discriminate analysis suggested caffeoylquinic acid isomer(4-CQA), methyl-quercetin glycoside(MQG), and caffeic acid(CA) might be the main active components in H. tuberosus leaves against P. capsici Leonian. Furthermore, microscopic evaluation demonstrated structural deformities in P. capsici Leonian treated with Chl and NB fractions, indicating the antifungal effects of H. tuberosus leaves. These results imply that H. tuberosus leaves with a high concentration of phenolics might be a promising source of natural fungicides.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24234300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]],"date-time":"2019-11-25T11:12:21Z","timestamp":1574680341000},"page":"4300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Evaluation of Antifungal Phenolics from Helianthus tuberosus L. Leaves against Phytophthora capsici Leonian by Chemometric Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Fu-Jia","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Hua","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Biology Jiangsu Province, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"En-Zhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS.2001.85.5.497","article-title":"Aggressiveness to pumpkin cultivars of isolates of Phytophthora capsici from pumpkin and pepper","volume":"85","author":"Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO.2000.90.4.396","article-title":"Mefenoxam insensitivity and the sexual stage of Phytophthora capsici in Michigan cucurbit fields","volume":"90","author":"Lamour","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phytopathology."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1002\/1526-4998(200012)56:12<1029::AID-PS238>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"In vivo control and in vitro antifungal activity of rhamnolipid B, a glycolipid antibiotic, against Phytophthora capsici and Colletotrichum orbiculare","volume":"56","author":"Kim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pest Manag. 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