{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T17:49:09Z","timestamp":1767116949950,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,25]],"date-time":"2019-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nowadays, saliva is a subject of growing scientific interest because of its definite advantages as diagnostic medium. The aim of our study was to investigate the diagnostic potential and reliability of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of selected genes\u2014interleukin-6 (IL-6), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and glutathione synthetase (GSS)\u2014as salivary markers in children with diagnosed pyelonephritis and to correlate their levels with typical urine para-clinical indicators of the disease. Analysis of the mRNA levels for IL-6, MMP-8 and GSS in 28 children hospitalized with the diagnosis of pyelonephritis was conducted applying the method of quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). In the study group (n = 28), IL-6 mRNA levels demonstrated 64-fold increase (p &lt; 0.001). MMP-8 and GSS mRNA levels were increased in 12 samples in patients with pyelonephritis 3.27 (p &lt; 0.01) and 1.94 (p &lt; 0.001) times, respectively. We found a strong and significant correlation (p &lt; 0.001) between the investigated mRNA for IL-6 and MMP-8, IL-6 and GSS, MMP-8 and GSS. Moderate degree of correlation was established between IL-6 and the typical para-clinical indicator of leucocytes (0.43, p &lt; 0.05) and between GSS and leucocytes (0.54, p &lt; 0.01). Salivary IL-6, MMP-8 and GSS mRNA levels in combination with urine test analysis could be useful diagnostic tool for the very distributed disorder of pyelonephritis in childhood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25010085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,25]],"date-time":"2019-12-25T11:07:48Z","timestamp":1577272068000},"page":"85","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Association of mRNA Levels of IL6, MMP-8, GSS in Saliva and Pyelonephritis in Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Sirma","family":"Angelova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1422-7121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayshe","family":"Salim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoana","family":"Kiselova-Kaneva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4502-081X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Ivanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Peev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology and Dental Implantology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2006.0158","article-title":"Salivary diagnostics: The future is now","volume":"137","author":"Malamud","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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