{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T23:04:50Z","timestamp":1788995090571,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,26]],"date-time":"2019-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002848","name":"Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PIA\/APOYO CCTE AFB170007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIA\/APOYO CCTE AFB170007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002848","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002850","name":"Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Project 1190591"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project 1190591"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007397","name":"Instituto Millenium","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Millennium Science Initiative of the Ministry of Economy, Development and Tourism, Chile, grant Nuclei on Catalytic Processes towards Sustainable Chemistry (CSC)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Millennium Science Initiative of the Ministry of Economy, Development and Tourism, Chile, grant Nuclei on Catalytic Processes towards Sustainable Chemistry (CSC)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007397","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant# 02\/05997-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant# 02\/05997-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant # 07\/03510-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant # 07\/03510-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant # 14\/11189-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant # 14\/11189-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant # 19\/06623-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant # 19\/06623-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Innovative composites based on an amorphous-carbon matrix containing a second phase ZnO oxide and\/or highly dispersed Zn metallic were synthesized via a modified Pechini route, in which a partial pyrolysis method was reached. Studies of adsorption in the dark and the photocatalytic activity for the cationic azo-dye, basic blue 41, and degradation were carried out. X-ray diffraction patterns for the carbon matrix and its composite with Zn show characteristics of the amorphous carbon. The infrared in the mid region of the composite prepared with ZnO and Zn exhibit vibrational bands related to bonds zinc oxide. The surface pH of the material is the main factor responsible for the adsorption of the azo-dye, but the contribution of mesopores favored the diffusion of molecules from the bulk of solution to the pore framework. Esters-like functional groups on the surface of carbons hinder the adsorption of the azo-dye. When Zn is embedded within amorphous carbon the photocatalytic activity of the composites showed up to 2.4 higher than neat ZnO. The enhancement in the photocatalytic activity and stability of C\/ZnO\/Zn and C\/Zn composites is discussed in terms of a protector effect by the carbon layers inserted in composites. Carbon layers are responsible to inhibit the lixiviation of ZnO particles along irradiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25010096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,27]],"date-time":"2019-12-27T05:37:08Z","timestamp":1577425028000},"page":"96","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Hybrid Material Based on an Amorphous-Carbon Matrix and ZnO\/Zn for the Solar Photocatalytic Degradation of Basic Blue 41"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Silvania","family":"Lanfredi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Laboratory of Composites and Ceramics Functional, Presidente Prudente 19000-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcos A. L.","family":"Nobre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente 19000-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po S.","family":"Poon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technological Development Unit (UDT), University of Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9917-6126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technological Development Unit (UDT), University of Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile"},{"name":"Millennium Nuclei on Catalytic Processes towards Sustainable Chemistry (CSC), Santiago 7820436, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.133948","article-title":"The accumulation of microplastics in fish from an important fish farm and mariculture area, Haizhou Bay, China","volume":"696","author":"Feng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. 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