{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T04:39:30Z","timestamp":1778042370291,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,6]],"date-time":"2020-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Herein, we report the development of chitosan (CH)-based bio-composite modified with acrylonitrile (AN) in the presence of carbon disulfide. The current work aimed to increase the Lewis basic centers on the polymeric backbone using single-step three-components (chitosan, carbon disulfide, and acrylonitrile) reaction. For a said purpose, the thiocarbamate moiety was attached to the pendant functional amine (NH2) of chitosan. Both the pristine CH and modified CH-AN bio-composites were first characterized using numerous analytical and imaging techniques, including 13C-NMR (solid-form), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental investigation, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, the modified bio-composite (CH-AN) was deployed for the decontamination of cations from the aqueous media. The sorption ability of the CH-AN bio-composite was evaluated by applying it to lead and copper-containing aqueous solution. The chitosan-based CH-AN bio-composite exhibited greater sorption capacity for lead (2.54 mmol g\u22121) and copper (2.02 mmol g\u22121) than precursor chitosan from aqueous solution based on Langmuir sorption isotherm. The experimental findings fitted better to Langmuir model than Temkin and Freundlich isotherms using linear regression method. Different linearization of Langmuir model showed different error functions and isothermal parameters. The nonlinear regression analysis showed lower values of error functions as compared with linear regression analysis. The chitosan with thiocarbamate group is an outstanding material for the decontamination of toxic elements from the aqueous environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25010226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,6]],"date-time":"2020-01-06T10:34:46Z","timestamp":1578306886000},"page":"226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Chitosan-Based Bio-Composite Modified with Thiocarbamate Moiety for Decontamination of Cations from the Aqueous Media"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Nisar","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, National &amp; Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Deep Utilization Technology of Rock-salt Resource, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adnan","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas 13084-971, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5388-3183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Bilal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sumeet","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8888-7387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed","family":"Badshah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Gomal University, D. I. Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4855-2720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hafiz M. N.","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey CP 64849, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2019.102009","article-title":"Adsorptive removal and photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using metal oxides and their composites: A comprehensive review","volume":"272","author":"Gusain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. 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