{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T15:48:33Z","timestamp":1792597713793,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]],"date-time":"2020-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness","award":["CTQ2016-76368-P and SAF2014-53218-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTQ2016-76368-P and SAF2014-53218-R"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by the chronic loss of kidney function due to high glucose renal levels. HK-2 proximal tubular cells are good candidates to study this disease. The aim of this work was to study an in vitro model of high glucose-induced metabolic alterations in HK-2 cells to contribute to the pathogenesis of this diabetic complication. An untargeted metabolomics strategy based on CE-MS was developed to find metabolites affected under high glucose conditions. Intracellular and extracellular fluids from HK-2 cells treated with 25 mM glucose (high glucose group), with 5.5 mM glucose (normal glucose group), and with 5.5 mM glucose and 19.5 mM mannitol (osmotic control group) were analyzed. The main changes induced by high glucose were found in the extracellular medium where increased levels of four amino acids were detected. Three of them (alanine, proline, and glutamic acid) were exported from HK-2 cells to the extracellular medium. Other affected metabolites include Amadori products and cysteine, which are more likely cause and consequence, respectively, of the oxidative stress induced by high glucose in HK-2 cells. The developed CE-MS platform provides valuable insight into high glucose-induced metabolic alterations in proximal tubular cells and allows identifying discriminative molecules of diabetic nephropathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25030512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,27]],"date-time":"2020-01-27T11:41:57Z","timestamp":1580125317000},"page":"512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["A Non-Targeted Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry Strategy to Study Metabolic Differences in an In Vitro Model of High-Glucose Induced Changes in Human Proximal Tubular HK-2 Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Samuel","family":"Bernardo-Bermejo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Anal\u00edtica, Qu\u00edmica F\u00edsica e Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8546-766X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"S\u00e1nchez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Anal\u00edtica, Qu\u00edmica F\u00edsica e Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Qu\u00edmica Andr\u00e9s M. del R\u00edo (IQAR), Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Castro-Puyana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Anal\u00edtica, Qu\u00edmica F\u00edsica e Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Qu\u00edmica Andr\u00e9s M. del R\u00edo (IQAR), Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3118-0564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selma","family":"Benito-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"\u201cRam\u00f3n y Cajal\u201d Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, 28871 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco Javier","family":"Lucio-Caza\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Luisa","family":"Marina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Anal\u00edtica, Qu\u00edmica F\u00edsica e Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Qu\u00edmica Andr\u00e9s M. del R\u00edo (IQAR), Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.02.023","article-title":"IDF Diabetes atlas: Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and for 2045","volume":"138","author":"Cho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association (2012). Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care, 35, S64\u2013S71.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-s064"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2013.05.006","article-title":"Epigenetic modifications in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy","volume":"33","author":"Reddy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.2147\/IJNRD.S40172","article-title":"Diabetic nephropathy\u2014Complications and treatment","volume":"7","author":"Lim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Nephrol. Renovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2762","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201200605","article-title":"Mammalian cell metabolomics: Experimental design and sample preparation","volume":"34","author":"Donato","year":"2013","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.2337\/db16-0796","article-title":"Proximal tubulopathy: Prime mover and key therapeutic in diabetic kidney disease","volume":"66","author":"Gilbert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2019.03.009","article-title":"An untargeted metabolomic strategy based on liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry to study high glucose-induced changes in HK-2 cells","volume":"1596","author":"Benito","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1002\/prca.200780151","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of human proximal tubular cells exposed to high glucose concentrations","volume":"2","author":"So","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proteomics Clin. Appl."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201800323","article-title":"CE-MS for metabolomics: Developments and applications in the period 2016\u20132018","volume":"40","author":"Ramautar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"203","article-title":"Recent developments along the analytical process for metabolomics workflows","volume":"1","author":"Dudzik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3079","DOI":"10.1039\/C7AN00812K","article-title":"Hyphenated MS-based targeted approaches in metabolomics","volume":"142","author":"Begou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16617","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-53214-1","article-title":"Metabolomic Changes of Human Proximal Tubular Cell Line in High Glucose Environment","volume":"9","author":"Wei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1021\/pr034020m","article-title":"Quantitative metabolome analysis using capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry","volume":"2","author":"Soga","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Proteome. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1021\/ac020064n","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of anionic intermediates for Bacillus subtilis metabolomic pathways by capillary electrophoresis electrospray ionization mass spectrometry","volume":"74","author":"Soga","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1021\/ac990976y","article-title":"Amino acid analysis by capillary electrophoresis electrospray ionization mass spectrometry","volume":"72","author":"Soga","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26137","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26137","article-title":"Chiral amino acid metabolomics for novel biomarker screening in the prognosis of chronic kidney disease","volume":"6","author":"Kimura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F462","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00108.2017","article-title":"Oxidative stress increases megalin expression in the renal proximal tubules during the normoalbuminuric stage of diabetes mellitus","volume":"314","author":"Kurosaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3015","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-0901","article-title":"Arginase-2 mediates diabetic renal injury","volume":"60","author":"Morris","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1159\/000479874","article-title":"Crosstalk of Hyperglycemia and Dyslipidemia in Diabetic Kidney Disease","volume":"3","author":"Su","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Dis (Basel)."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201400604","article-title":"Multiplexed separations for biomarker discovery in metabolomics: Elucidating adaptive responses to exercise training","volume":"36","author":"Kuehnbaum","year":"2015","journal-title":"Electophoresis"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61737-985-7_14","article-title":"Capillary electrophoresis electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS)-based metabolomics","volume":"708","year":"2011","journal-title":"Methods. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(02)00048-1","article-title":"Improvement of the long-term stability of polyimide-coated fused-silica capillaries used in capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography","volume":"96","author":"Baeuml","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(02)01262-1","article-title":"Rapid screening of pK (a) values of pharmaceuticals by pressure-assisted capillary electrophoresis combined with short-end injection","volume":"979","author":"Wan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.4155\/bio-2016-0090","article-title":"Analytical pitfalls and challenges in clinical metabolomics","volume":"8","author":"Kohler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioanalysis"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-47656-8_5","article-title":"Strategies involving mass spectrometry combined with capillary electrophoresis in metabolomics","volume":"965","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2012.07.019","article-title":"Capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry interfaces: Fundamental concepts and technical developments","volume":"1267","author":"Bonvin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.200305937","article-title":"A chemometric study of active parameters and their interaction effects in a nebulized sheath-liquid electrospray interface for capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry","volume":"25","author":"Nilsson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2015.12.002","article-title":"Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for clinical metabolomics","volume":"74","author":"Ramautar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.200700880","article-title":"A new insight into suction and dilution effects in capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry via an electrospray ionization interface. Part I-Suction effect","volume":"29","author":"Mokaddem","year":"2008","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3027","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ay25437a","article-title":"Analysis of phenolic acids and their antioxidant activity by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry with field-amplified sample injection","volume":"4","author":"Duan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700151","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201700151","article-title":"Targeted functional investigations guided by integrative proteome network analysis revealed significant perturbations of renal tubular cell functions induced by high-glucose","volume":"17","author":"Aluksanasuwan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2013.06.015","article-title":"Human metabolomics: Strategies to understand biology","volume":"17","author":"Ramautar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.8b00204","article-title":"Clustering analysis as a strategy for compound selection in the drug discovery pipeline for leishmaniasis","volume":"13","author":"Armitage","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46344","DOI":"10.1038\/srep46344","article-title":"Tenofovir and adefovir down-regulate mitochondrial chaperone TRAP1 and succinate dehydrogenase subunit B to metabolically reprogram glucose metabolism and induce nephrotoxicity","volume":"7","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-017-2048-0","article-title":"Zoledronate dysregulates fatty acid metabolism in renal tubular epithelial cells to induce nephrotoxicity","volume":"92","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.200405958","article-title":"Detection of Amadori compounds by capillary electrophoresis coupled to tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"25","author":"Hau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.509","article-title":"Glucose handling by the kidney","volume":"79","author":"Mather","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1039\/B906712B","article-title":"Systems level studies of mammalian metabolomes: The roles of mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"40","author":"Dunn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2009.00278.x","article-title":"Recent advances in arginine metabolism roles and regulation of the arginases","volume":"157","author":"Morris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250051354","article-title":"Neuronal and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in outer medulla of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat kidney","volume":"43","author":"Shin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(97)00099-1","article-title":"Human type II arginase: Sequence analysis and tissue-specific expression","volume":"193","author":"Morris","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5001553","article-title":"Upregulation of histidine decarboxylase expression in superficial cortical nephrons during pregnancy in mice and women","volume":"70","author":"Morgan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20180839","article-title":"Histamine and diabetic nephropathy: An up-to-date overview","volume":"133","author":"Pini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1039\/c3mb70212j","article-title":"1H NMR-based metabonomic analysis of serum and urine in a nonhuman primate model of diabetic nephropathy","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Biosyst."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salvucci, M., Neufeld, Z., and Newsholme, P. (2013). Mathematical model of metabolism and electrophysiology of amino acid and glucose stimulated insulin secretion: In vitro validation using a \u03b2-cell line. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052611"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-1378","article-title":"Hyperglycemia and a common variant of GCKR are associated with the levels of eight amino acids in 9369 Finnish men","volume":"61","author":"Civelek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.10391012","article-title":"Proximal tubule function and response to acidosis","volume":"9","author":"Curthoys","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01870773","article-title":"Delineation of sodium-stimulated amino acid transport pathways in rabbit kidney brush border vesicles","volume":"64","author":"Mircheff","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Membr Biol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00018.2006","article-title":"Amino acid transport across mammalian intestinal and renal epithelia","volume":"88","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol Rev."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-010-0811-0","article-title":"Study on the decrease of renal d-amino acid oxidase activity in the rat after renal ischemia by chiral ligand exchange capillary electrophoresis","volume":"42","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-014-0126-4","article-title":"Homocystine, cystine, folate and vitamin B12status in type2 diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"28","author":"Pastore","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7351","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)48243-9","article-title":"A cystine-dependent inactivator of tyrosine amino-transferase co-purifies with gamma-cystathionase (cystine desulfurase)","volume":"262","author":"Hargrove","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5410","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.5410","article-title":"Metabolomic analysis of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes: Amino acid and acylcarnitine levels change along a spectrum of metabolic wellness","volume":"6","author":"Libert","year":"2018","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12447","article-title":"Urine and plasma metabolites predict the development of diabetic nephropathy in individuals with Type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"31","author":"Pena","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabet. Med."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S1575-0922(04)74656-2","article-title":"Los productos de amadori como mediadores de disfunci\u00f3n endothelial en la diabetes mellitus","volume":"51","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinol Nutr."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1519959113","article-title":"Novel cystine transporter in renal proximal tubule identified as a missing partner of cystinuria-related plasma membrane protein rBAT\/SLC3A1","volume":"113","author":"Nagamori","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2018.09.009","article-title":"1H NMR based serum metabolic profiling reveals differentiating biomarkers in patients with diabetes and diabetes-related complication","volume":"13","author":"Rawat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2018.02.046","article-title":"Knowledge-based metabolite annotation tool: CEU Mass Mediator","volume":"154","author":"Godzien","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/25\/3\/512\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T14:08:30Z","timestamp":1760364510000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/25\/3\/512"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules25030512"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules25030512","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]]}}}