{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T08:44:26Z","timestamp":1789029866577,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,27]],"date-time":"2020-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"This study was supported by  the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science, and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan","award":["(KAKEN Grant Number: 18H02337)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(KAKEN Grant Number: 18H02337)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Berberis vulgaris (B. vulgaris) and Rhus coriaria (R. coriaria) have been documented to have various pharmacologic activities. The current study assessed the in vitro as well as in vivo inhibitory efficacy of a methanolic extract of B. vulgaris (MEBV) and an acetone extract of R. coriaria (AERC) on six species of piroplasm parasites. The drug-exposure viability assay was tested on three different cell lines, namely mouse embryonic fibroblast (NIH\/3T3), Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) and human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells. Qualitative phytochemical estimation revealed that both extracts containing alkaloid, tannin, saponins and terpenoids and significant amounts of flavonoids and polyphenols. The GC-MS analysis of MEBV and AERC revealed the existence of 27 and 20 phytochemical compounds, respectively. MEBV and AERC restricted the multiplication of Babesia (B.) bovis, B. bigemina, B. divergens, B. caballi, and Theileria (T.) equi at the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.84 \u00b1 0.2, 0.81 \u00b1 0.3, 4.1 \u00b1 0.9, 0.35 \u00b1 0.1 and 0.68 \u00b1 0.1 \u00b5g\/mL and 85.7 \u00b1 3.1, 60 \u00b1 8.5, 90 \u00b1 3.7, 85.7 \u00b1 2.1 and 78 \u00b1 2.1 \u00b5g\/mL, respectively. In the cytotoxicity assay, MEBV and AERC inhibited MDBK, NIH\/3T3 and HFF cells with half-maximal effective concentrations (EC50) of 695.7 \u00b1 24.9, 931 \u00b1 44.9, &gt;1500 \u00b5g\/mL and 737.7 \u00b1 17.4, &gt;1500 and &gt;1500 \u00b5g\/mL, respectively. The experiments in mice showed that MEBV and AERC prohibited B. microti multiplication at 150 mg\/kg by 66.7% and 70%, respectively. These results indicate the prospects of these extracts as drug candidates for piroplasmosis treatment following additional studies in some clinical cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25030550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,27]],"date-time":"2020-01-27T11:41:57Z","timestamp":1580125317000},"page":"550","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Phytochemical Screening and Antiprotozoal Effects of the Methanolic Berberis Vulgaris and Acetonic Rhus Coriaria Extracts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Gaber","family":"El-Saber Batiha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amany","family":"Magdy Beshbishy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9342-8505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oluyomi","family":"Stephen Adeyemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Medicinal Biochemistry, Nanomedicine and Toxicology Laboratory, Landmark University, Omu-Aran 251101, Kwara State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8963-790X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eman","family":"Hassan Nadwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman","family":"kadry Mohamed Rashwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assuit 71524, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 42421, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luay M.","family":"Alkazmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1683-8436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amr A.","family":"Elkelish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikuo","family":"Igarashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"A four year epidemiological and chemotherapy survey of babesiosis and theileriosis, and tick vectors in sheep, cattle and goats in Dehgolan, Iran","volume":"64","author":"Hasheminasab","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. 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