{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T21:28:16Z","timestamp":1788211696167,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,31]],"date-time":"2020-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Farfarae Flos (FF) is the dried flower bud of Tussilago farfara L, which has antitussive, expectorant, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, little research on the main active composition of FF has been reported. The purpose of this study is to find the main active compounds responsible for the three pharmacological effects (i.e., antitussive, expectorant, and anti-inflammatory effects) of Farfarae Flos, based on the spectrum\u2013effect relationship combined with chemometrics. First, this study uses the UPLC-QDA method to establish the chromatography fingerprint of Farfarae Flos, which is combined with chemometrics to analyze 18 batches of samples. Then, we study the antitussive, expectorant, and anti-inflammatory effects of Farfarae Flos. Finally, the spectrum\u2013effect relationship between the fingerprint and the three pharmacological effects are studied by grey correlation analysis and partial least squares regression. The results show that four, four, and three main active constituents were found for the antitussive, expectorant, and anti-inflammatory pharmacological effects, respectively. In conclusion, we found the main active compounds corresponding to the main pharmacodynamic effects of Farfarae Flos. To our knowledge, this is the first time that spectrum\u2013effect relationships in FF have been established using both raw and processed samples, which provides an experimental basis for further studies on the pharmacodynamic material basis of Farfarae Flos, as well as providing reference for the comprehensive evaluation of Farfarae Flos quality and the development of substitute resources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25030620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,31]],"date-time":"2020-01-31T11:55:56Z","timestamp":1580471756000},"page":"620","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Discovering the Major Antitussive, Expectorant, and Anti-Inflammatory Bioactive Constituents in Tussilago farfara L. Based on the Spectrum\u2013Effect Relationship Combined with Chemometrics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9607-1107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liu","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2722-3330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hai","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajiao","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Man","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyue","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingyou","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haixue","family":"Kuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China"},{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 528458, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"81","article-title":"Screening plants for new medicines","volume":"15","author":"Farnsworth","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biodiversity"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2009.10.024","article-title":"Recent analytical approaches in quality control of traditional Chinese medicines\u2014A review","volume":"657","author":"Jiang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anal. 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