{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:58:53Z","timestamp":1791907133472,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]],"date-time":"2020-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["226454 and 256448"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["226454 and 256448"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tagetes lucida Cav. (Asteraceae) is an ancient medicinal plant commonly used to alleviate pain. Nevertheless, scientific studies validating this property are lacking in the literature. Animal models of pain were used to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of T. lucida essential oil (TLEO) and a bioactive metabolite. The chemical constitution and possible toxicity of the extract and the mechanism of action of \u03b2-caryophyllene were also explored. Temporal course curves and dose\u2013response graphics were generated using TLEO (0.1\u201310 mg\/kg or 3.16\u201331.62 mg\/kg) and \u03b2-caryophyllene (3.16\u201310 mg\/kg). Metamizole (80 mg\/kg) and indomethacin (20 mg\/kg) were used as reference drugs in the formalin assay and writhing test in rats and mice, respectively. The \u03b2-caryophyllene mechanism of action was explored in the presence of naloxone (1 mg\/kg), flumazenil (10 mg\/kg), WAY100635 (0.16 mg\/kg), or nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (20 mg\/kg) in the formalin test in rats. GC\/MS analysis demonstrated the presence of geranyl acetate (49.89%), geraniol (7.92%), and \u03b2-caryophyllene (6.27%). Significant and dose-dependent antinociceptive response was produced by TLEO and \u03b2-caryophyllene without the presence of gastric damage. In conclusion, \u03b2-caryophyllene was confirmed as a bioactive compound in the T. lucida analgesic properties by involving the participation of receptors like opioids, benzodiazepines, and Serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1A), as well as nitric oxide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25030675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]],"date-time":"2020-02-07T11:50:28Z","timestamp":1581076228000},"page":"675","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Role of \u03b2-Caryophyllene in the Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Tagetes lucida Cav. Essential Oil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6864-6735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Hernandez-Leon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neurofarmacolog\u00eda de Productos Naturales, Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatr\u00eda Ram\u00f3n de la Fuente Mu\u00f1iz, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14370, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4399-1508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Eva","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Trujano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neurofarmacolog\u00eda de Productos Naturales, Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatr\u00eda Ram\u00f3n de la Fuente Mu\u00f1iz, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14370, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Narv\u00e1ez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatr\u00eda, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04530, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gimena","family":"P\u00e9rez-Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad Universitaria 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5932-1333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fausto","family":"Rivero-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad Universitaria 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Isabel","family":"Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad Universitaria 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"30","article-title":"Medicinal plants for the treatment of \u201csusto\u201d and \u201cmal de ojo\u201d. 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