{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T02:02:15Z","timestamp":1784599335457,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]],"date-time":"2020-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inhalation of vapors from a hot tea of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. leaves is considered by Iraqi\u2013Kurdistan people an effective spasmolytic and antipyretic remedy for the treatment of respiratory diseases. The constituents of volatile fractions isolated by hydrodistillation from dried leaves of the plant collected in Kurdistan were determined by GC-FID and GC-MS analyses. More than 90% components were identified. The most abundant constituents were 1,8-cineole, p-cymene, \u03b1-pinene, terpinen-4-ol, aromadendrene, and \u03b1-terpineol. The different volatile fractions induced relaxation on rat isolated aortic and tracheal rings in concentration-dependent manner. These effects appeared to be due to a complex interaction between various terpenoid components rather than being only due to the main oil constituent, 1,8-cineole. The KCa channel and the NO pathway were not significantly involved in the relaxation mechanism, while Ca2+ channels played a major role in the spasmolytic effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25040804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]],"date-time":"2020-02-26T05:44:12Z","timestamp":1582695852000},"page":"804","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Components of Volatile Fractions from Eucalyptus camaldulensis Leaves from Iraqi\u2013Kurdistan and Their Potent Spasmolytic Effects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6688-4537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dlzar A.","family":"Kheder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Duhok 42001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar A. M.","family":"Al-Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Duhok 42001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq"},{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, International University of Erbil, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0915-9416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Gilardoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s\/n, Loja 1101608, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Vidari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Medical Analysis Department, Faculty of Science, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Shahbaz, S.I. 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