{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T10:16:53Z","timestamp":1788344213096,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]],"date-time":"2020-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)","award":["2017YFD0400701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFD0400701"]}]},{"name":"agricultural science and technology program of Hunan, China","award":["2018ZD04-1-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018ZD04-1-5"]}]},{"name":"science and technology innovation platform and talent plan of Hunan, China","award":["2018TP1030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018TP1030"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010083","name":"Hunan provincial innovation foundation for postgraduate","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CX20190272"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX20190272"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>5,6,7,8,3,4\u2032-Hexamethoxyflavone, also called nobiletin (NOB), widely found in the citrus peel, is one of the main byproducts in citrus processing. NOB is considered safe, but its safety for women during pregnancy is unknown. Therefore, the effect of NOB on apoptosis in human choriocarcinoma trophoblast cells (BeWo cells) was evaluated. Cells were divided into four groups and cultured with different concentrations of NOB (0, 10, 33, and 100 \u03bcM) for 12, 24, 36, and 48 h respectively. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay, cell morphology was detected by a Cell Imaging Multi-Mode Reader, and cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Cleaved PARP level, the expressions of B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) family proteins, and p53 pathway proteins were detected by Western blot. The results showed that after 48 h of cell culture, the cell viability was decreased significantly, but apoptosis was significantly increased. Compared to the cells without NOB treatment, the cells treated with NOB at 10 or 33 \u03bc\u039c showed no significant differences in the number of suspended cells or late apoptosis rate, except the increase of cell viability. Treatment of NOB at the concentration of 100 \u03bcM improved cell viability, attenuated apoptosis, decreased suspended cells, and did not alter the G1 phase arrest, compared with the non-NOB-treated group after 48 h of culturing. The 100 \u03bc\u039c NOB treatment increased the levels of BCL2 and BCLXL, and decreased p53 accumulation in BeWo cells at 48 h, but had no effect on the expression of BAX, BAK, BAD, p21, and G1 phase arrest. These findings provide evidence that NOB (10, 33, and 100 \u03bc\u039c) was safe for BeWo cells. NOB at the concentration of 100 \u03bc\u039c could attenuate apoptosis in BeWo cells, which might be helpful to prevent pregnancy-related diseases caused by apoptosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25040946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]],"date-time":"2020-02-26T05:44:12Z","timestamp":1582695852000},"page":"946","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Effects of 5,6,7,8,3\u2032,4\u2032-Hexamethoxyflavone on Apoptosis of Cultured Human Choriocarcinoma Trophoblast Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Mengling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Longping Branch Graduate School, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"},{"name":"Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China"},{"name":"Hunan Key Lab of Fruits &amp; Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Agricultural Products Processing Institute, Changsha 410125, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Humanity, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Longping Branch Graduate School, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China"},{"name":"Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China"},{"name":"Hunan Key Lab of Fruits &amp; Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Agricultural Products Processing Institute, Changsha 410125, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongliang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Longping Branch Graduate School, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China"},{"name":"Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China"},{"name":"Hunan Key Lab of Fruits &amp; Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Agricultural Products Processing Institute, Changsha 410125, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Key Lab of Fruits &amp; Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Agricultural Products Processing Institute, Changsha 410125, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Longping Branch Graduate School, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China"},{"name":"Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China"},{"name":"Hunan Key Lab of Fruits &amp; Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Agricultural Products Processing Institute, Changsha 410125, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanling","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Shan, Y. 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