{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T13:38:45Z","timestamp":1784209125963,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]],"date-time":"2020-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Justice, Republic of China (Taiwan)","award":["107-1301-05-17-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["107-1301-05-17-02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Studying the origin of opiate and\/or opiate metabolites in individual urine specimens after consumption of cold syrups is vital for patients, doctors, and law enforcement. A rapid liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry method using \u201cdilute-and-shoot\u201d analysis without the need for extraction, hydrolysis and\/or derivatization has been developed and validated. The approach provides linear ranges of 2.5\u20131000 ng mL\u22121 for 6-acetylmorphine, codeine, chlorpheniramine, and carbinoxamine, 2.5\u2013800 ng mL\u22121 for morphine and morphine-3-\u03b2-d-glucuronide, and 2.5\u2013600 ng mL\u22121 for morphine-6-\u03b2-d-glucuronide and codeine-6-\u03b2-d-glucuronide, with excellent correlation coefficients (R2 &gt; 0.995) and matrix effects (&lt; 5%). Urine samples collected from the ten participants orally administered cold syrups were analyzed. The results concluded that participants consuming codeine-containing cold syrups did not routinely pass urine tests for opiates, and their morphine\u2013codeine concentration ratios (M\/C) were not always &lt; 1. In addition, the distribution map of the clinical total concentration of the sum of morphine and codeine against the antihistamines (chlorpheniramine or carbinoxamine) were plotted for discrimination of people who used cold syrups. The 15 real cases have been studied by using M\/C rule, cutoff value, and distribution map, further revealing a potential approach to determine opiate metabolite in urine originating from cold syrups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25040972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]],"date-time":"2020-02-27T03:21:16Z","timestamp":1582773676000},"page":"972","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A Study of Opiate, Opiate Metabolites and Antihistamines in Urine after Consumption of Cold Syrups by LC-MS\/MS"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yao-Te","family":"Yen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Science, Investigation Bureau, Ministry of Justice, Xindian District, New Taipei City 23149, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin-Jue","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Science, Investigation Bureau, Ministry of Justice, Xindian District, New Taipei City 23149, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pin-Jung","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Science, Investigation Bureau, Ministry of Justice, Xindian District, New Taipei City 23149, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-Lun","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Science, Investigation Bureau, Ministry of Justice, Xindian District, New Taipei City 23149, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting-Yueh","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Science, Investigation Bureau, Ministry of Justice, Xindian District, New Taipei City 23149, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"San-Chong","family":"Chyueh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Science, Investigation Bureau, Ministry of Justice, Xindian District, New Taipei City 23149, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2019, October 15). 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