{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T01:38:23Z","timestamp":1788053903129,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]],"date-time":"2020-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nasal drug delivery has become a popular research field in the last years. This is not surprising since the nose possesses unique anatomical and physical properties. Via the nasal mucosa local, systemic, and directly central nerve systemic (CNS) effect is achievable. Powders have favorable physicochemical properties over liquid formulations. Lamotrigine (LAM) is an antiepileptic agent with a relatively mild side effect spectrum, but only available in tablet form on market. Reducing the particle size to the nano range can affect the bioavailability of pharmaceutical products. The aim of this article was to continue the work started, compare the in vitro properties of a nanonized lamotrigine containing nasal powder (nanoLAMpowder) and its physical mixture (PM) that were prepared by dry milling. Moreover, to study their trans-epithelial absorption to reach the blood and target the brain by axonal transport. Due to the dry milling technique, the particle size of LAM, their surface and also their structure changed that led to higher in vitro dissolution and permeability rate. The results of the in vivo tests showed that the axonal transport of the drug was assumable by both intranasal formulations because the drug was present in the brain within a really short time, but the LAM from the nanoLAMpowder liberated even faster.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25051065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]],"date-time":"2020-03-02T07:52:35Z","timestamp":1583135555000},"page":"1065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Investigation of the Absorption of Nanosized lamotrigine Containing Nasal Powder via the Nasal Cavity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Rita","family":"Ambrus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9ter","family":"Gieszinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1571-7579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u00f3bert","family":"G\u00e1sp\u00e1r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, D\u00f3m t\u00e9r 12, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Sztojkov-Ivanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eszter","family":"Ducza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1rp\u00e1d","family":"M\u00e1rki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Kor\u00e1nyi fasor 9, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6466-8283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tam\u00e1s","family":"Jan\u00e1ky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, D\u00f3m t\u00e9r 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6657-5777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferenc","family":"T\u00f6m\u00f6si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, D\u00f3m t\u00e9r 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5584-6869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00e1bor","family":"Kecskem\u00e9ti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, D\u00f3m t\u00e9r 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5336-6052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piroska","family":"Szab\u00f3-R\u00e9v\u00e9sz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Csilla","family":"Bartos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"539","article-title":"Nasal Drug Delivery System: An Emerging Approach for Brain Targeting","volume":"3","author":"Nasare","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. 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